近年来,我国大力发展光伏发电,然而目前的财政补贴和单一电价的扶持方式不足以实现其大规模发展。光伏大国——德国在2000~2011年间通过一系列政策调控,实现了光伏快速发展,同时光伏电价逐渐由50 Euro cent/kWh下降到20 Euro cent/kWh,降幅达60%,逐步接近市电价格。文章深入解析德国光伏的发展历程,利用投资与回报的分析方法,研究了德国光伏政策对装机量和光伏电价竞争性的影响,结果发现德国以清晰、有针对性的产业政策为基础,分起步、发展及调整三个阶段调整光伏电价,促使其累计装机量增加了325倍,上升至24 820 MWp。另外,德国采用全国终端用电客户分摊绿色电力成本的方式代替财政补贴,使其发展更具可持续性。借鉴德国经验,中国应该按光伏现有规模完善其电价体系,刺激光伏发展,同时,通过明朗的扶持政策增强光伏投资信心,构建稳定的投资回报预期。 相似文献
“Nonpracticing entities” (NPEs) own patents but do not practice the patented technologies. They are sometimes referred to as “patent trolls,” who hold up practicing companies to seek exorbitant payments. This paper conducts a review of the theoretical literature, which is inconclusive on whether NPEs have been systematically overcompensated. This study offers the first empirical study in license royalty rates, and its econometric analysis demonstrates that NPEs have not been overcompensated in license markets, regardless of whether other relevant variables are controlled. This conclusion is then put back into the larger context of NPE economics to lay out topics for further research through cross-examining other major conclusions in this field. 相似文献
State-owned (SO) multinational enterprises (MNEs) from emerging economies face two contradictory effects on their foreign operations due to their linkage with their home-country governments. Although home governments provide SO MNEs with resources, the affiliation also exposes SO MNEs to the legitimacy challenges in the host countries. Given this theoretical debate, we propose that home government support may facilitate SO MNEs’ post-entry operations in the host markets. Furthermore, because the legitimacy pressures directed at SO MNEs may be contingent on the interstate relations between the host and home governments facilitated by China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the BRI cooperative relations may shift the effect of home government support. Using survey and archival data, we find that home government support has a positive impact on the foreign performance of SO subsidiaries. This effect is weaker in countries that are cooperating with the BRI than in those that are not. Moreover, institutional distance weakens the negative interactive effect between BRI cooperation and home government support on the performance of SO MNEs’ foreign subsidiaries. These findings extend the institutional perspective by highlighting an alternative source of legitimacy for MNEs with distinctive attributes and in various host conditions.
