经济全球化和一体化进程对政府竞争政策的影响

随着经济全球化和一体化进程的迅速发展 ,在改善经济环境以增强国内和国际市场的竞争力方面 ,政府的角色已经发生了根本性的变化。在对外经济政策中政府曾经通过关税 ,取消或者部分取消限制以及调整外汇汇率等手段的使用来对经济活动施加巨大的影响。后来由于一些多边条约以及双边条约的签订 ,政府干预手段施行的空间被大幅度的压缩了 ,与此相适应国际经济组织的各成员国在制定宏观和微观经济政策时必须遵循一定的准则并采取相应的措施 ,以促进国家竞争力的提高。波兰作为转轨经济国家 ,在全球化和欧盟一体化背景下 ,政府经济政策正面临艰难的选择     

Determinants of the grant lag and the surrender lag of horticultural crop plant breeders’ rights applications: Survival analysis with competing risks

Obtaining a Plant Breeders’ Rights (PBR) certificate provides horticultural institutions the exclusive right to produce and reproduce new varieties, which directly motivate new plant variety innovations. This study investigates how the grant and surrender lag of PBR certificates is influenced by the crop type and applicant characteristics using the Canadian Food Inspection Agency horticultural crop PBR application data for the period 1992–2014. Results from the Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard model reveal that the grant lag and surrender lag of Canadian PBR applications significantly vary by the country of origin of the applicant, whether the applicant is a public institution or private company/individual, horticultural crop types, and the decades when applications are filed. The policy implications of the results provide useful information to stakeholders of the Canadian Plant Breeders’ Rights System regarding how the lifespan of PBRs is influenced by crop type and applicant characteristics.     

Rethinking corporate restructuring: a comparison of the four central approaches

Are strategic management, total quality management, business process re-engineering and computer-integrated manufacturing simply different approaches to corporate restructuring, or essentially similar ones in the underlying questions they pose? Where do these similarities and/or differences exist?.     

Promotional programmes and consumer purchasing decisions: pecan demand models

A generalized Heckman model of purchase decisions is estimated incorporating perceived consumer quality attributes, ease of purchase, and familiarity with marketing outlets as factors influencing pecan purchases. Economic implications for evaluating consumer purchase decisions and the design of commodity promotion programmes for the pecan industry are addressed. Key marketing variables such as the variety of uses for nut products, the number of outlets used to purchase pecans, and consumer perceptions of positive quality features of pecans are significant in promoting purchases. Applications of a trade-off analysis examine key variables considered by the pecan industry in developing promotional programmes both to stabilize pecan purchases and to maintain the probability of pecan purchases.     

The bermuda triangle: Why self-governed firms work for their own destruction

This paper describes the complexities of the current privatization drive in Eastern European countries by carefully studying the case of Poland. The different vested interests of the parties with the power to affect the privatization process, and the various moral, political, economic, and social factors involved, lead to the conclusion that there is no one standardized model that can be used, but, instead, several more finely tuned programs must be sought. In particular, ways must be found to stop the current actors, who represent the old power structures and interests of the state enterprises, from destroying these enterprises before privatization can be realized.     

Plans,disequilibria and macroeconomic policy simulations

In the paper some specific problems of applying a disequilibrium model of a centrally planned economy for policy simulation experiments are analysed. It is shown that a model in which demand, supply and plan output variables are simultaneously introduced can be used for policy simulation in a more effective way than a model which describes either demand or supply side of an economy. In the empirical part of the paper a disequilibrium-type model of the Polish economy is used for simulating alternative internal and external economic policies for 1971–80. It has been found that internal deflationary policies would have been relatively efficient in minimizing consumption excess demand at a given level of consumption output in the period investigated.     

Rich language and refinements of cheap-talk equilibria

I formalize the notion of equilibrium language, define the relation of having a richer language, and show the existence of equilibria with maximally rich language. I also study the stability of equilibria with respect to inflows of messages that can enrich their language, and provide examples of implausible cheap-talk equilibria, not refined away by the existing refinements, which can be refined away on the grounds of stability properties.     

Exchange rate regimes and the real sector: a sectoral analysis of CEE Countries

This article analyses the impact of exchange rate regimes on the real sector. While most studies in this field have so far concentrated on aggregate variables, we pursue a sectoral approach distinguishing between the tradable and non-tradable sectors. First, we present a survey of the relevant theoretical and empirical literature. This demonstrates that evaluations of exchange rate regimes and their impact on the real economy are largely dependent on specific assumptions concerning, in particular, the parameters of a utility function, the nature of the price adjustment process and the characteristics of the shocks analysed. Second, we conduct an empirical analysis of the behaviour of the tradable and non-tradable sectors under different exchange rate regimes in seven Central and Eastern European countries. We find no firm evidence of a differential impact of given exchange rate regimes on the dynamics of output and prices in the two sectors. We proffer a conceptual and technical interpretation of this.     

Forecasting annual and harvest pecan prices

Pecan price forecasting is important to growers attempting to reduce income variability. Random coefficient regression (RCR) and OLS approaches were applied to annual price forecasts. Variance analysis was conducted to forecast pecan price during harvest. Price variation was postulated to be caused by two sets of variables: structural economic variables and unknown factors. RCR results consistently outperformed OLS results in annual price forecasting. The variation of harvest prices was found to be generated by a different process each year, making accurate predictions difficult. Annual price forecasts, however, can provide additional information to pecan growers and shellers for marketing decision-making.