法典化目标下税法总则立法的三个问题

《民法典》开启了中国特色社会主义法治的法典化时代。法典化研究在多个法律领域都取得了进展和成果。随着税收法定原则加快落实,以税法总则为龙头的税法法典化被提上日程。税法法典化是历史的、逻辑的和现实的统一。其不仅是中国特色社会主义法治进程的重要组成部分,也符合近代历史以来世界法典化的普遍性规律。在法典化目标下,税法总则作为法典总则法、纳税人权利平衡法、税收行政行为规范法,又决定了其立法逻辑上有需要解决的一系列特殊问题。在此基础上,税法总则应构建税法原则、纳税人保护、纳税义务、税务行政规范制定与解释等支柱性制度。     

科技金融投入、技术创新与产业结构升级

科技金融投入对产业结构优化升级具有重要影响作用。本文基于2011~2019年的省际面板数据,使用固定效应模型对中国30个省份进行实证分析,并使用工具变量解决内生性问题。研究结果表明,科技金融投入对产业结构的影响呈现"倒U型"的非线性特征;从作用机制来看,科技金融投入影响技术创新进而作用于产业结构升级;从地区上来看,科技金融投入对产业结构升级的影响在东部地区表现明显,中、西部地区作用不明显。据此,提出加快完善科技金融制度、完善多层次资本市场体系、注重高技术人才的培养、平衡地区发展等政策建议。     

Earnings management by firms announcing earnings after SEC filing

This study examines motivation and stock market reactions of firms announcing earnings in the Wall Street Journal (WSJ) after filing with the Security Exchange Commission (SEC). Most firms announce earnings in the WSJ before SEC filing. Firms that reverse this sequence are voluntarily delaying public earnings announcements. The authors find that these firms are not only poor financial performers but also engage in earnings managements. They are delaying their WSJ announcements to postpone announcing bad news. The authors find significant stock price reactions to both the SEC filing and the WSJ announcement. The price reaction to earnings is incomplete at the SEC filings. The market continues reacting to firms' subsequent WSJ announcements as if the SEC filing fails to communicate earnings information to some investors.     

湖南信息化带动工业化机制研究

人类社会已入入21世纪，对处于工业化中期初级阶段的湖南而言，继续完成工业化无疑是现代化过程中艰巨的历史任务，与此同时，大力国民经济和社会信息化，也是覆盖湖南现代化建设全民的战略措施，为此，正确处理工业化与信息化的关系，以信息化带动工业化，是关系湖南现代化建设的一个极为重要的问题，本文首先分析了湖南信息化和工业化的现状，然后对80年代中期以来的湖南信息化水平和工业化水平进行相关分析，在此基础上对他们相互影响的机制进行分析，最后就湖南今后实际信息化带动工业化提出具体措施。     

Tofacitinib in the treatment of moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis: a cost-effectiveness analysis compared with adalimumab in Taiwan

Aims: Tofacitinib is an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This analysis investigated the cost-effectiveness of the second-line treatment with tofacitinib, compared with adalimumab, both plus methotrexate (MTX), in patients with moderate-to-severe RA and an inadequate response to the first-line MTX, from a Taiwan National Health Insurance Administration perspective.

Materials and methods: A patient-level simulation model was used to project lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Base-case analysis compared second-line treatment with tofacitinib 5?mg twice daily plus MTX vs adalimumab 40?mg every 2?weeks plus MTX. Patients switched or discontinued treatment due to a lack or loss of effectiveness or a serious adverse event. Efficacy was measured by change in Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) score. HAQ-DI scores were used to predict mortality and resource utilization, and were mapped onto utility values to estimate QALYs. Efficacy and safety data were derived from clinical trials and other secondary sources. Uncertainty in model parameters was explored using one-way deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses.

Results: Patients gained 0.09 more QALYs with second-line tofacitinib plus MTX compared with adalimumab plus MTX (5.13 vs 5.04, respectively) at an additional cost of New Taiwan Dollars (NT$) 12,881. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was NT$143,122/QALY. One-way sensitivity analysis confirmed the base-case result was robust.

Limitations: The lack of available clinical data, particularly for HAQ-DI scores, may introduce some bias in the analysis. No patients were in an early stage of RA, which may limit the generalizability of these results. Base-case results from our study are not necessarily generalizable to countries with healthcare systems that differ considerably from Taiwan.

Conclusions: From a payer perspective, second-line treatment with tofacitinib plus MTX is a cost-effective treatment strategy, compared with adalimumab plus MTX, in patients with moderate-to-severe RA in Taiwan.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00853385.     

管理会计信息披露及其市场识别——来自中国沪深股市的经验证据

财务会计通常被理解为对外报告会计。因管理会计服务于公司内部的管理决策,与公司价值具有内在关联性,因而管理会计信息的对外披露与市场识别此类信息之间具有理论上的逻辑一致性。文章以管理会计信息的整体披露水平能否被市场有效识别为研究命题,对沪深股市年度报告中管理会计信息披露的市场识别程度及其规律进行了实证研究。结果表明:管理会计信息披露能够被市场投资者识别并使用,但此类信息的披露需要市场耗费一定的时间予以吸收;同时,与财务会计信息披露相比,管理会计信息披露水平提高同等程度,更容易被市场识别。     

生产要素对粮食产量的贡献系数分析

文章以河南省为案例,对2001年￣2003年全省109个县的数据进行定量分析,认为在既定的技术条件下,灌溉是影响粮食生产的第一要素,同时对其他要素的贡献系数又产生直接影响。灌溉对粮食产量贡献系数与当年的降水量密切相关。为保证粮食生产的稳定发展,政府应加强农田水利设施的建设,治理水污染,推广节水设备与技术,提高用水效率,同时对各种生产要素进行合理的配置。     

作业成本法在我国的应用现状及实施对策

本文首先从分析我国企业应用作业成本法的实际状况出发,通过样本分析说明我国企业目前尚无真正意义上的作业成本法,然后,对我国企业实施作业成本法的瓶颈及实施作业成本法的具体方法进行了论述。     

国有及国有控股企业的绩效评价指标体系设计

国有及国有控股企业的绩效评价指标体系是国有资产监督管理体系的重要组成部分,本文在分析现行国有和国有控股企业绩效评价指标体系局限性的基础上,对如何完善国有及国有控股企业的绩效评价指标体系进行了探讨。     

基尼系数分解分析中国城市居民收入不平等

当GINI系数按组（如职业,性别,区域）分解时,它可以分为组内、组间和层迭项（overlapped）三个组成部分,从文献检索来看,GINI系数的分解方法已有许多,但大多数分解方法不仅不易于理解而且计算非常繁重.本文应用Yao和Liu（1996）提出的四步分解法克服了其他方法存在的缺点,并以中国2003年的城镇居民收入调查数据为例,说明这个新方法可以容易地应用于研究中国各地区城市居民间收入的不平等状况.本文在许多以前的研究未能认识到的层迭带部分有实质性的突破.