Structural changes,market growth and productivity gains of the US real estate investment trusts in the 1990s

The 1990s were tumultuous times for the US Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) industry. Significant structural changes occurred during the decade, especially after the 1993 Revenue Reconciliation Act, which tremendously boosted the flow of funds into the system by allowing the participation of institutional investors in REITs. As a result, the industry experienced remarkable asset growth during the decade, with a large number of initial public offerings and substantial increases in market capitalization. Employing the Data Envelopment Analysis-type Malmquist index approach, this paper explores the impact of such environmental changes on productivity growth, efficiency change, and technological progress of REITs. Our results indicate that while efficiency of the REITs significantly increased, their average productivity declined and technology regressed during this decade. It appears that the typical REIT has failed to improve technically, but exerted substantial effort to catch up with the best practice ones relying mainly on aggressive growth strategies. However, our empirical results indicate that they might have overextended themselves as most began to suffer from diseconomies of scale.

Asymptotic inference for a one-dimensional simultaneous autoregressive model

A nonstationary simultaneous autoregressive model \({X^{(n)}_k=\alpha \Big(X^{(n)}_{k-1}+X^{(n)}_{k+1}\Big)+\varepsilon_k, k=1, 2, \ldots , n-1}\), is investigated, where \({X^{(n)}_0}\) and \({X^{(n)}_n}\) are given random variables. It is shown that in the unstable case α = 1/2 the least squares estimator of the autoregressive parameter converges to a functional of a standard Wiener process with a rate of convergence n ², while in the stable situation |α| < 1/2 the estimator is biased but asymptotically normal with a rate n ^1/2.     

国家科技重大专项对我国国家科技创新竞争力的提升作用研究

探究国家科技重大专项如何发挥其对我国国家科技创新竞争力的提升作用,是保障重大专项有效实施的根本问题,具有重要的理论与现实意义。在区分国家创新能力和国家创新竞争力不同的基础上,界定了国家科技创新竞争力的内涵,并根据已有研究文献构建了分析国家科技创新竞争力的概念框架。应用这一框架探析了我国国家科技重大专项的组织实施对于国家科技创新竞争力的提升作用,进而得出未来实施重大专项的一些结论和启示。     

控制权性质 会计稳健性与投资不足

我国资本市场制度体系尚未健全,公司投资都是在这不完善的环境下进行的,严重的信息不对称和代理问题致使公司普遍存在投资不足,而会计稳健性是会计信息质量特征之一,它具有会计信息的治理功能,即能有效缓解信息不对称和代理问题,可改善公司投资不足。当然我国的特殊制度和市场背景造成上市公司广为诟病的一股独大、所有者缺位的所有权结构,因此结合我国特殊控制权性质,研究会计稳健性与投资不足的关系。     

A play-the-winner-type urn design with reduced variability

We propose a new adaptive allocation rule, the drop-the-loser, that randomizes subjects in the course of a trial comparing treatments with dichotomous outcomes. The rule tends to assign more patients to better treatments with the same limiting proportion as the randomized play-the-winner rule. The new design has significantly less variable allocation proportion than the randomized play-the-winner rule. Decrease in variability translates into a gain in statistical power. For some values of success probabilities the drop-the-loser rule has a double advantage over conventional equal allocation in that it has better power and assigns more subjects to the better treatment. Acknowledgments. I thank Stephen Durham, the associate editor, and the referees for their helpful suggestions.     

Multi-stakeholders’ assessment of bike sharing service quality based on DEMATEL–VIKOR method

ABSTRACT

Bike sharing is a sustainable mode of urban transportation. Assessing the perceived service quality is essential to improve the development of bike sharing. Most of the existing research evaluates the service quality of bike sharing only from the perspective of its users. This study assesses the perceived quality gap among four different stakeholders including government regulators, platform operators, bike association and users. First, an evaluation criteria system consisting of sixteen criteria obtained from the five dimensions of tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy is constructed based on a revised service performance model. Thereafter, a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making model that combines Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) with VIsekriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) is proposed. Then, the model is applied to evaluate the service quality of bike sharing in Xi’an City. Finally, some useful suggestions are given to improve the bike sharing service quality from the perspective of multi-stakeholders.     

中石油存续公司财务管理模式初探

文章通过综合分析各类影响因素，并借鉴历史经验教训，考虑其现实条件和管理要求，认为中石油存续公司适宜采取集权式财务管理。并从财务机制、财务制度等方面进行改革和创新，制定并实施相关的保证措施，以确保集权式财务管理体制能够有效运行。     

Concavity of utility,concavity of welfare,and redistribution of income

The marginal social value of income redistribution is understood to depend on both the concavity of individuals’ utility functions and the concavity of the social welfare function. In the pertinent literatures, notably on optimal income taxation and on normative inequality measurement, it seems to be accepted that the role of these two sources of concavity is symmetric with regard to the social concern about inequality in the distribution of income. Direct examination of the question, however, reveals that this is not the case. Concavity of utility has a simple, direct effect on the marginal social value of redistribution, as might be expected, whereas concavity of the social welfare function has a more subtle influence, one that in some cases may not be very significant. The implications of this difference are examined for some standard forms of utility and welfare functions, including particular versions that appear in the optimal income taxation literature.     

技术资本对技术创新的影响实证研究——以信息管理和知识管理为中介变量

旨在分析技术资本如何作用于技术创新,改变了以往学者以定性研究为主,只关注技术资本对技术创新的直接影响,而忽视了中介变量的作用。运用北京、上海、江苏、山东四省市185份样本调查数据,利用结构方程分析软件检验了技术资本、信息管理、知识管理和技术创新4个变量相互之间的关系。研究表明,技术资本通过信息管理和知识管理两条路径对技术创新产生影响,信息管理和知识管理在技术资本与技术创新关系中起完全中介作用。研究还进一步表明,技术资本更多地通过知识管理对技术创新产生影响。