重推国债期货交易为时尚早

当前，很多人认为随着我国经济的快速发展，应尽快恢复国债期货交易。通过揭示国债期货市场和现货市场的关系，以及分析恢复国债期货交易的前提条件和现实障碍，我们认为，目前重推国债期货交易还为时过早。应借鉴西方发达国家的成功做法，消除制约因素，完善国债期货交易的外部条件，设计科学、合理的国债期货合约。     

Testing Part of a DSGE Model by Indirect Inference

We propose a way of testing a subset of equations of a DSGE model. The test draws on statistical inference for limited information models and the use of indirect inference to test DSGE models. Using the numerical small sample distribution of our test for two subsets of equations of the Smets–Wouters model we show that the test has accurate size and good power in small samples, and better power than using asymptotic distribution theory. In a test of the Smets–Wouters model on US Great Moderation data, we reject the specification of the wage‐price but not the expenditure sector. This points to the wage‐price sector as the source of overall model rejection.     

Optimal insurance in the presence of reinsurance

This paper studies an optimal insurance and reinsurance design problem among three agents: policyholder, insurer, and reinsurer. We assume that the preferences of the parties are given by distortion risk measures, which are equivalent to dual utilities. By maximizing the dual utility of the insurer and jointly solving the optimal insurance and reinsurance contracts, it is found that a layering insurance is optimal, with every layer being borne by one of the three agents. We also show that reinsurance encourages more insurance, and is welfare improving for the economy. Furthermore, it is optimal for the insurer to charge the maximum acceptable insurance premium to the policyholder. This paper also considers three other variants of the optimal insurance/reinsurance models. The first two variants impose a limit on the reinsurance premium so as to prevent insurer to reinsure all its risk. An optimal solution is still layering insurance, though the insurer will have to retain higher risk. Finally, we study the effect of competition by permitting the policyholder to insure its risk with an insurer, a reinsurer, or both. The competition from the reinsurer dampens the price at which an insurer could charge to the policyholder, although the optimal indemnities remain the same as the baseline model. The reinsurer will however not trade with the policyholder in this optimal solution.     

论提升执行力内涵、存在问题及方法途径

执行力就是生命力。执行力有着极其丰富的内涵,本文查摆了执行力存在问题,分析了根源,提出了四个方面的方法途径:即要树立正确的执行理念;要用学习创新的成果充实执行力;要用科学管用的制度保障执行力;要用实际成效检验执行力。     

A new energy model to capture the behavior of energy price processes

Owing to the vague fluctuation of energy prices from time to time, a new energy model, which considers both the mean-reverting behavior and the long memory property, is proposed in this paper. Since the problem of estimating parameters, in discrete time for this model, plays a central role in forecast inference, the problem of estimating the unknown parameters has been dealt with for the fractional Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process observed discretely. The asymptotic properties of these estimates are also provided. The numerical simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis and show that our method is effective. To show how to apply our approach in realistic contexts, an empirical study of energy in China, namely Daqing crude oil, is presented. The empirical results seem reasonable when compared to the real data.     

Local elections and consumption insurance

During our sample period from 1987 to 2002, Chinese villages completed the transition from government‐appointed village leaders to elected ones. This article examines if and how much democratic elections of the village leaders affected consumption insurance by Chinese village residents. Exploring a panel dataset of 1,400 households from this period, we find that consumption insurance is around 20 percent more complete with elected village leaders. Furthermore, local elections improve consumption insurance only for the poor and middle‐income farmers, but not for the rich. The results are robust when we allow for pretrending, potential endogeneity of elections, and higher measurement errors for rich residents. We also find that the effects on consumption insurance are stronger when closer to the upcoming election year and when the village committees consist largely of non‐Communist Party members. These findings suggest that the election effects on consumption insurance partly come from increasing accountability to local constituents.     

Reformulating Environmentally Constrained Traffic Equilibrium via a Smooth Gap Function

Various government laws have recently been enacted to alleviate the environmental deterioration of transportation systems. Environmental constraint is a valid means to explicitly reflect various environmental protection requirements imposed by the government. In this paper, we examine the environmentally constrained traffic equilibrium problem (EC-TEP), which is a fundamental tool for modeling and evaluating environmental protection requirements. Specifically, we provide an equivalent reformulation for the EC-TEP. The proposed reformulation adapts the concept of gap function to simultaneously reformulate the nonlinear complementarity conditions associated with the generalized user equilibrium conditions, environmental constraints, and conservation constraints as an equivalent unconstrained optimization problem. This gap function reformulation has two desirable features: (1) it can handle a general environmental constraint structure (linear or nonlinear; link-based or area-based) and a general link and route cost structure, enhancing the modeling adaptability and flexibility; (2) it is smooth and unconstrained, permitting a number of existing efficient algorithms for its solution. A gradient-based solution algorithm with a self-regulated averaging stepsize scheme is customized to solve the reformulated unconstrained optimization problem. Numerical examples are also provided to demonstrate the modeling flexibility of the proposed EC-TEP reformulation.     

上海场外交易市场发展模式与路径

发展场外交易（OTC）市场,是打造无缝隙资本市场体系和上海国际金融中心建设的重要环节。多层次资本市场包括主板市场、创业板市场和场外交易市场．三者相互补充、渗透,为实体经济发展提供资本支持。上海推进OTC市场建设,是积极扶持广大中小高科技企业成长的需要,可为主板和创业板市场提供“预备市场”及退市通道,以形成无缝对接的资本市场体系。上海OTC市场发展模式选择,应包括OTC市场体系、交易机制、转板及退市、监管设计等方面。     

政府支出结构的居民消费效应：1985—2006——基于中部省际数据的实证分析

运用1985--2005年中部省际面板数据对我国地方政府支出结构对居民消费的影响进行实证分析。研究结果显示,中部地方政府支出结构有着不同的消费效应。最后根据我国地方政府支出结构与居民消费关系提出经济建设支出要注意结构上的调整,进一步加大社会文教支出的投入,合理控制行政管理支出,继续推进行政机构改革等政策建议。     

广西野生动植物和自然保护区灾害情况调查报告

广西野生动植物及自然保护区在本次雨雪冰冻灾害中受损面积之大、危害程度之深为历史所罕见。保护区基础硬件设施损毁严重;森林植被遭到严重破坏,生态系统结构和功能受损;野生动植物及栖息地受灾严重、生物多样性下降。当前抗灾救灾面临保护区生产生活困难大,森林防火难度大,区内资源损失情况调查、监测和评估尚未开展等问题。建议:提高认识、开展对保护区森林生态系统和野生动植物资源的调查、监测和评估;加强防火、病虫害防治和防止乱砍滥伐;加强野生动物的救助和疫病防护工作。