排序方式: 共有64条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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灾害救助的效果评价是灾害分析的重要内容.从已有研究来看,至今还没有一套被认可的灾害救助需求理论,实践中也没有一套恰当评价灾害救助效果的方法.本研究从受灾地区及其灾民的需求出发,界定了灾害救助需求及特点,提出了"‘2+3'灾害救助需求框架模型".并进一步以灾民主体需求为线索,提炼形成一个包括"生命需求-生活需求-心理需求"在内的"三位一体救助需求"指标体系.在此基础上,对灾害救助概念模型以及灾害需求经验系数进行了研究,就一些物资或人员的最小需求量进行了计算运用.最后,以需尜系数为依据对救助需求满足的效果进行了评判,还延伸梳理了灾害救助能力建设的主要内容. 相似文献
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We study how uncertainty and risk aversion affect international agreements to supply global public goods. We consider a benchmark model with homogeneous countries and linear payoffs. When countries directly contribute to a public good, uncertainty tends to lower signatories' efforts but may increase participation. Despite risk aversion, uncertainty may improve welfare. In contrast, when countries try to reduce a global public bad, uncertainty tends to increase signatories' efforts and decrease participation. In that case, an ex-ante reduction of uncertainty may have a large positive multiplier effect on welfare. 相似文献
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Yann Truong 《Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services》2013,20(1):130-137
The current literature suggests that the concept of consumer innovativeness is universally applicable. Innovators are believed to be novelty seekers and risk takers independent of their national identity, and therefore to be attracted to similar characteristics of an innovation across most countries. However, research in intercultural marketing has shown that cultural norms and values have varying influences on the adoption of innovation, a finding that seems to contradict the assumption that the relationship between consumer innovativeness and adoption of innovation is universally uniform. This research investigates the effects of consumer innovativeness on attitude toward a service-based innovation across three European countries. The results of a multi-group structural equation modeling show that the relationship between consumer innovativeness and attitude toward innovation varies across the three dimensions of perceived novelty, perceived value, and perceived risk. 相似文献
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Laure Latruffe Yann Desjeux Zoltán Bakucs Imre Fertő József Fogarasi 《Managerial and Decision Economics》2013,34(6):409-416
Pig farming is one of the strongest polluters of water due to its intensive production and slurry rejection. Several European countries have introduced environmental regulations aiming at reducing the pollution caused by nitrates from agriculture, but not yet Hungary. We investigate how Hungarian pig farms' output and technical efficiency would be affected if such regulations are to be fully implemented in this country. Results indicate that the pollution could be reduced with no impact on the output level, and that pig farmers have incentives to reduce nitrogen pollution in order to increase their efficiency even in the absence of regulation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Klaus?KrippendorffEmail authorView authors OrcID profile Yann?Mathet Stéphane?Bouvry Antoine?Widl?cher 《Quality and Quantity》2016,50(6):2347-2364
This paper builds on an agreement coefficient proposed by Krippendorff (Content analysis: an introduction to its methodology, 2013) for measuring the reliability of unitizing and coding continuous phenomena, for example, of texts, videos, or sound recordings. It serves three purposes: It modifies Krippendorff’s definition which turned out to behave not as expected when applied to more than two observers, coders, or annotators. It extends this reliability measure to a family of four coefficients able to assess the reliabilities of diverse properties of unitized continua. It adds a way to obtain the confidence intervals of these coefficients as well as the probability of failing to reach targeted reliability levels. And it describes and provides access to free software that calculates all values of this family of reliability coefficients. 相似文献
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Thierry Bréchet Yann Ménière Pierre M. Picard 《The Canadian journal of economics》2016,49(4):1569-1598
This paper discusses the role of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in the market for carbon quotas and countries' commitments to reduce their carbon emission levels. We show that the CDM contributes to an efficient funding of clean technology investments in least developed countries. However, the CDM is not neutral on the global level of carbon emissions as it entices countries to raise their emission caps. The CDM may also make inappropriate the inclusion of any country that takes no emission abatement commitment. It can even make inefficient a country's decision to commit to an emission target. The implications of the presence of non‐additional projects are also analyzed. 相似文献