旅游产业融合、新业态与非正规就业增长:一个基于经验与概念模型的实证分析

旅游新业态是产品形态、组织形态和经营形态的融合.旅游产业融合催生了旅游新业态.旅游新业态是旅游非正规就业增长的源泉.文章实地调研了以新业态形式运作的酒店、旅行社和景点景区,发现旅游非正规就业在不同行业中普遍存在.为了验证这个假说,向前述三类不同的旅游企业发放了300份问卷,利用问卷形成的构念构建了一个经验模型,通过这个模型发现,旅游产业融合通过产品形态、组织形态和经营形态影响非正规就业.文章的核心观点有三个:第一,旅游产业融合催生了新业态,旅游新业态可以通过非正规就业带动就业总量增长.第二,旅游产品形态、组织形态各自单独并不影响非正规就业,它通过与经济景气度和企业成本交互作用对非正规就业产生影响.旅游经营形态既独立影响非正规就业,同时也和经济环境和企业成本交互作用影响非正规就业.第三,经营形态是旅游非正规就业的核心,在任何情况下,它都在5%水平上显著影响非正规就业.因此,在经济结构调整时期,政府部门应该重视旅游领域出现的各种新业态,新业态可能会改变就业模式.     

To go or not to go: travel constraints and attractiveness of travel affecting outbound Chinese tourists to Japan

The fast growth of the Chinese economy has transformed Chinese outbound tourism into one of the major players in the tourism industry worldwide. However, Chinese outbound tourists may still encounter travel constraints in some countries, such as Japan, which has had a close and complicated relationship in history with China. This study adopted the qualitative approach by applying focus group and in-depth interviews to investigate and triangulate the travel barriers affecting Chinese outbound travel to Japan. The findings indicated that domestic nationalist sentiment played a key constraining role in influencing Chinese outbound travel decision-making, followed by current political factors, while quality products and service, as well as social environment encouraged tourists to travel. This research also found that visitors and non-visitors have perception differences in terms of travel barriers and attractiveness of travel.     

Assessing recreation carrying capacity of the environment attributes based on visitors’ willingness to pay

Recreation carrying capacity (RCC) is one of the most important indictors used in measuring the usage limits for the forest park resources. However, the consensus has not been reached with respect to the RCC’s content and its measuring metrics. In this paper, we attempt to establish a new RCC theoretical framework based on the demand theory of the tourism product characteristics. In the process, the choice experiment and orthogonal design methods are used in questionnaire designs and the conditional Logit model is used for parameter estimates. More than 700 park visitors are surveyed for data collection at the Shenyang National Forest park of Liaoning province in China. The primary park attributes being considered encompass vegetation, coverage, water quality, number of rubbish on the park trail path, admission fees, and congestion. The carrying capacity threshold for each specific attribute is identified.     

致青春

生命不息,战斗不止,这才叫做青春。青春是年轻的同义词,青春时期我们想什么?我想大家可能和我年轻的时候一样,男生想美女,女生想俊男,当然也有俊男想俊男,美女想美女的,但那是例外。我在年轻的时候,到底做过什么样的事情?想来想去,我发现,     

Developing energy conservation and carbon reduction indicators for the hotel industry in Taiwan

This study develops and weights energy conservation and carbon reduction (ECCR) indicators for the hotel industry in Taiwan to create an instrument to help address climate change. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with senior hotel managers, environmental specialists, and government officials to identify the preliminary ECCR framework. An expert panel then was invited to review the structure of ECCR criteria and the compiled criteria in a structure for item modification. An analytic network process questionnaire survey was employed to determine the relative weights of the criteria. The data analysis reveals seven categories in the ECCR framework: communication and participation, top management commitment, energy, water, waste, building, and purchasing. A total of 32 indicators were identified and prioritized in terms of their relative importance to ECCR contributions. The results of this study suggest that the success of ECCR implementation depends primarily on management support and staff engagement. Hotel operators can improve their environmental management by initiating ECCR practices based on the proposed ECCR indicators.     

Impact of financial/economic crisis on demand for hotel rooms in Hong Kong

The main objectives of this study are (1) to identify the factors that influence the demand for hotel rooms in Hong Kong and (2) to generate quarterly forecasts of that demand to assess the impact of the ongoing financial/economic crisis. The demand for four types of hotel room from the residents of nine major origin countries is considered, and forecasts are generated from the first quarter of 2009 to the fourth quarter of 2015. Econometric approaches are employed to calculate the demand elasticities and their corresponding confidence intervals, which are then used to generate interval demand predictions. The empirical results reveal that the most important factors in determining the demand for hotel rooms in Hong Kong are the economic conditions (measured by income level) in the origin markets, the price of the hotel rooms and the ‘word of mouth’ effect. Demand for High Tariff A and Medium Tariff hotel rooms is estimated to have experienced negative annual growth in 2009 due to the influence of the financial/economic crisis, whereas that for High Tariff B hotel rooms is thought to have grown in 2009 after having decreased in 2008. The demand for tourist guesthouse rooms is expected to be the least affected by the crisis. Overall demand is predicted to recover gradually from 2010 onwards.     

Assessment of the Partnership Quality between Travel Agencies and Health Care Organizations on the International Medical Tourism Market in Taiwan

The medical tourism literature lacks insight into related issues of these types of partnerships. Those that integrate multiple perspectives into one research framework are especially rare. This study evaluated and compared the influence of external environment uncertainty, trust, and resource dependence perspectives on the quality of interorganizational partnerships in the international medical tourism market and quantified these elements using external environment uncertainty assessment on the international medical tourism development. The research sample was based on a survey from 161 travel agency managers in Taiwan. This study found that external environment uncertainty has direct negative impact on trust and resource dependence has a positive influence on interorganizational partnership. Moreover, trust has a significant impact on partnership quality while resource dependence does not. Therefore, medical travel agents should extend their network of trustworthy health care organization partners in order to improve performance, decrease their self-risk, collect information, and avoid missed opportunities.     

浙江产业结构与就业结构相关性分析

从浙江省三大产业产值与就业人口的发展现状出发,定量分析产业结构与就业结构的相关性,为政府决策提供一定的依据。     

基于车辆数据的k近邻联合概率数据关联算法

在交通场景中采用一些预警措施能够有效地减少交通事故发生。例如,对车辆轨迹进行跟踪并预测车辆的驾驶行为,就是一个常用的预警方法。在对车辆进行跟踪的过程中,数据关联是很重要的部分,它可以对车辆的观测点和轨迹进行关联,从而更新车辆的轨迹,完成跟踪过程。在此背景下,提出了一种新的数据关联算法,即k近邻联合概率数据关联算法(k Nearest Neighbor-Joint Probability Data Association,kNN-JPDA)。实验结果表明,该算法能够较好地解决在交通场景下车辆数据的数据关联问题,在精度以及运行效率方面都有所提高。     

印度对华反倾销的应诉问题分析

<正>一、建立印度反倾销和中国企业应诉的博弈关系本文的分析是建立在以下几个基本假定的条件之下的:第一,反倾销和应诉博奕关系中的博弈主体:在倾销和反倾销中存在着多个行为主体之间的博奕关系,本文只讨论印度作为进口国的反倾销和中国出口商应诉反倾销的博奕关系,所以把印度政府和印度生产相关产品的所有厂商视为一个整体作为博弈的一方,简称为“印方”。