主权财富基金:现状、争议及监管方向

近年来,主权财富基金不断快速增长的规模及对全球金融市场的潜在影响力,使其成为发达国家政府关注的焦点.本文通过对主权财富基金现状及引发的争议进行描述,分析其对国际金融市场的影响,最后提出符合各方利益的、能为各方所接受的监管体系的发展方向.     

开放式创新过程挑战管理机制

基于精益思想视角,应用探索性研究方法,探讨开放式创新过程的挑战管理机制。通过文献分析,将开放式创新过程分为3个阶段,分析了3个阶段中面临的挑战及对应的精益化管理方法,进而提出研究命题,初步构建了应对开放式创新挑战的精益化管理机制。最后,通过典型案例研究,论证了提出的研究命题和理论机制,从而为深度案例研究和实证研究奠定了基础,可为企业开放式创新管理提供参考和借鉴。     

Before ‘Independence’ Arrived: Interdependence in Energy Relations between Lithuania and Russia

This paper analyses energy relations concerning natural gas between Lithuania and Russia. Contrary to the existing literature, which stresses Lithuanian energy dependence, this paper argues that there had been interdependence between the two countries even before Lithuania underwent diversification at the end of 2014. The paper develops an analytical framework that examines: (a) physical energy relations, (b) the dominance of the energy agenda in mutual relations, and (c) the influence of the European Union. The analysis shows that while Lithuania was dependent on Russian supplies of natural gas, Russia was also dependent on Lithuania as a transit country of gas to Kaliningrad, a Russian enclave. Although Russia has shown a much higher willingness to employ an energy weapon than Lithuania, its efforts to exercise pressure on Lithuania have been negatively affected by the Baltic state’s position as a transit country. The European Union has played a crucial role as its pre-accession requirements and internal energy market rules have significantly influenced the energy relationship between the two countries.     

Negative Externalities of Rail Noise and Housing Values: Evidence from the Cessation of Railway Operations in Singapore

The governments of Malaysia and Singapore reached a landmark agreement in May 2010 to end the operations of nearly 80‐year‐old railway lines and stations in Singapore. In our study, the cessation of the railway services operated by Keretapi Tanah Malaya (KTM), a firm owned by the Malaysian government, with effect from July 1, 2011 is used in a quasi‐experiment design to test the effects of the removal of train noise externalities on real estate values. Based on the nonlanded private housing transactions data from January 2005 to June 2013, we find that average prices for houses located within a 400‐m boundary from the railway lines increased by 3.5% relative to prices for houses located outside the 400‐m boundary after the cessation agreement has been announced. The removal of train noise externalities increases housing prices in the affected area by 13.7% on average in the postcessation period of the KTM railway services. Realized economic benefits associated with the railway services cessation were estimated at S$0.36 billion based on houses sold in the post cessation period of the KTM railway services.     

负增加值、路径错序与自由化过程中的金融危机生成

金融抑制下的价格扭曲导致资本错配.如按竞争价格衡量,被保护部门增加值为负.负增加值是自由化的基本风险源.成功的自由化须硬化政府与借款人的预算约束,推进实际部门自由化;在自由化进程中重建金融中介使之熟谙风险管理,并辅以审慎监管,最后是开放资本市场.抑制政策及程度的差异使得初始条件迥异,各国自由化内容和路径选择也不同.内容缺省和路径错序都会使泡沫破灭,引发危机.     

Process Life Cycle Engineering: A Knowledge-Based Approach and Environment

We describe our approach and mechanisms to support the engineering of organizational processes throughout their life cycle, and our current understanding of what activities are included in the process life cycle. We then go on to discuss our approach, computational mechanisms, and experiences in supporting many of these life cycle activities, as well as compare it to other related efforts. Along the way, we present examples drawn from a recent study that uses the approach and the mechanisms of our knowledge-based process engineering environment to support the (re)engineering of corporate financial operations in a mid-size consumer products organization.© 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

宪政视野下我国税收立法权制度之完善

税收立法权问题是税法基础理论中的一个重要问题。税收是政府存在的根据,税收立法权的出现是民主宪政的根据,税收立法权的配置与协调是税收宪政的核心和主题。本文从宪政的视角深入剖析了当前我国税收立法权(横向立法和纵向立法)存在的主要问题,从完善税收立法权体系、提高税收立法权民主化水平的角度提出完善我国税收立法的系列建议。     

生物质成型燃料产业发展前景分析

生物质成型燃料是一种高效的清洁能源,可以替代化石燃料,缓解人类面临的能源危机和环境困境。文章分析了产业发展的原料资源、成型技术、市场需求、成本-效益及政策支撑等优势。结果表明,在我国发展生物质成型燃料产业是可行的。同时,探讨产业发展面临的各种障碍,提出解决成型机生产技术瓶颈、用户环保意识与产品认知度薄弱、产业政策过于宏观等问题的策略建议。     

中小企业银行融资方案的新型设计 --"关系贷款"及"银行辛迪加和相机治理"

本文旨在从信息不对称造成信贷配给的角度为中小企业融资难问题提供一种解决方案。欧美等成熟市场经济国家通过银企建立稳定的交易关系来消除两者之间的信息不对称,提高贷款可得性;青木昌彦的银行辛迪加和相机治理模式的突出特点在于组建辛迪加,加强牵头行对企业贷款的事中和事后监督。本文吸收两者的优点并结合我国的实际情况,提出了我国中小企业银行融资的模式:企业向银行申请贷款之前必须与其有稳定的交易关系,以便银行进行有效的事前监督;银行一旦接受贷款申请,即可作为牵头行来组建银行辛迪加,集中借款企业与辛迪加成员的交易信息,并承担全部的事中和事后监督责任;一旦企业出现财务危机,牵头行负责大部分债务的偿还。     

基于演化博弈的监测—约束—激励系统生态补偿机制研究——以旅游胜地漓江流域为例

"两山"理论要求重构"经济—环境"生态,因地制宜设计生态补偿机制。以漓江流域作为研究对象,利用演化博弈理论分析不同情境下漓江流域各主体策略的演化趋势,再使用SD进一步模拟仿真,结论如下:(1)上下游地方政府实施策略概率的初始值会影响最终的稳定状态;(2)仅依靠上下游政府的相互自发监督,不能有效实施利于生态补偿的合作机制;(3)上下游都不履行义务时的惩罚应比只有一方不履行义务时的惩罚更大,上下游履行义务时的奖励应比不实现合作时的惩罚更大;(4)当中立机构监管流域水质状态时,上游提供给下游的补贴应该比下游给上游的生态补偿更少。据此提出漓江流域生态补偿机制政策建议。