基于网络治理的长三角地区先进制造业科学数据共享机制的构建

本文从网络治理理论出发，以长三角地区先进制造业科学数据为对象，分析建立长三角科学数据共享机制时采用网络治理模式的优势，结合当前共享机制建设中面临的突出问题，提出政策建议。     

Shared knowledge and product design glitches in integrated product development

Product development processes based on the joint collaboration of the cross-functional team, suppliers, and customers can minimize project glitches. Glitches in the product development project can cause project cost over-runs and delay a project past when first mover advantages are possible. While previous theoretical work has suggested a negative relationship between shared knowledge and product development glitches, empirical studies have not identified how different types of shared knowledge are associated with each other and the design glitches. This study proposes a model of the relationship between specific types of shared knowledge and design glitches in integrated product development (IPD) projects. We test our model using a sample of 191 projects from the automotive industry in the United States. The major findings were that: (1) shared knowledge of the development process can be built by improving a team's shared knowledge of customers, suppliers, and internal capabilities, (2) shared knowledge of the development process for a project reduces product design glitches, and (3) reduced product design glitches improve product development time, cost, and customer satisfaction.     

Do individual investors learn from their trading experience?

After analyzing retail investors’ stock trades for potential learning behavior, we present evidence that individual investors learn from their trading experience. Initially, we question whether investors’ previous forecasting ability (inferred from prior purchases’ subsequent risk-adjusted performance) affects their future trade profitability and activity. Indeed, as an investor's inferred ability increases, so does her ensuing trade profitability and intensity. Further, because additional investment experience allows more accurate ability inference, we posit that trading experience should help investors obtain better investment performance. Consistent with this hypothesis, not only do excess portfolio returns improve with account tenure, but we also find that trade quality (i.e., average raw and excess buy-minus-sell returns) significantly increases with experience (i.e., calendar time and account tenure). In sum, individual stock investors do learn, and they consequently adjust their behavior and thus effectively improve their investment performance.     

管理层收购与中小企业治理结构改革

对国有中小企业实施管理层收购并引入职业化经理人和外部董事有助其治理结构优化。     

Corporate Insurance and Debt: The Case of China*

Finance theorists have long argued that corporate purchases of property insurance can reduce the probability and hence the expected costs of financial distress. And by so doing, the corporate use of insurance can reduce borrowing costs and/ or increase debt capacity, reduce the overall cost of capital, and increase firm value. This article attempts to apply this argument to the case of publicly traded companies in China, which provides a particularly interesting environment given the significant presence of both foreign direct investment and state shareholdings in its corporate sector. From their study of several hundred Chinese companies during the period 1997‐2003, the authors report the following conclusions: Companies with higher borrower costs tend to purchase more property insurance, which in turn has the effect of increasing their debt capacity. Smaller companies are more likely than larger firms both to insure their assets and to purchase more property insurance (as a percentage of assets), reflecting their greater vulnerability to financial shocks and larger potential benefit from insurers' real advisory services (such as loss prevention advice). Companies with more and larger growth opportunities are more likely to purchase insurance, reflecting their higher expected costs of financial distress (from possible underinvestment) than firms with limited growth opportunities. Companies with higher levels of state ownership tend to insure their assets to a greater extent, suggesting that the managers of such companies insure to protect their job security, particularly as the availability of state subsidies to the Chinese corporate sector has declined since market reforms were initiated in 1978.     

提高大学生英语听力能力刍议

大学生英语听力能力差,是当前英语教学中一个比较普遍的问题.为了进一步提高大学英语教学的整体水平,改变应试教育,以培养能适应社会的高素质人才,有必要探讨大学生英语听力能力薄弱的原因及提高大学生听力能力的教学方式.     

论环境与经济的可持续发展

分析了当前在经济发展中存在的严重的环境问题,指出了这些问题的根源在于市场和政府的失灵,解决的办法是:运用价格机制引导市场配置各类要素资源,通过税收政策保护环境,通过经济激励保护环境,通过多方筹资加大环保投入,通过宣传教育促进全民环保。     

我国政府创新的有效途径:建设责任政府

建设责任政府是我国社会主义政治文明建设的一个重要组成部分,是我国政府创新的重要内容.建设责任政府势在必行.建设责任政府不仅要加强行政伦理建设,提高政府工作人员的责任意识,而且要通过转变政府职能、提高行政透明度、扩大公民参与、强化外部的责任控制机制来促使政府承担起其应该承担的职责.     

2010年上海世博会园区后续利用过程及方式研究——用PRE-POST的理念指导规划及后续利用过程

世博会作为中国、上海走向世界、展示自我的一个窗口,已经引起了全世界的瞩目和参与.在政府紧锣密鼓筹建、社会大张旗鼓宣传支持的背景下,城市规划界、学术界,除了积极参与建设、献计献策以外,还要保持冷静的思考:喧闹繁华之后,世博会真正留给上海的应该是什么?我们不仅要把眼光放在眼前的六年,而应看得更深、更远.世博会是记载人类文明发展的一部史诗,也往往成为推动一个城市、一个地区和国家经济文化发展的一个助推器,而同样也不乏失败的例子,会后的世博园成为城市一个沉重的包袱,经受着没落和萧条的困扰.对世博会一百五十多年的历史经验研究表明:只有将世博会放在一个更加长远、更加宏观的背景下进行审视和研究,尝试用未来的眼光来评价和要求我们现在行为,才能真正使大多数的人得益于世博会的建设和举办,世博精神和效益得以发挥,参与其中的各个成员都成为共同的赢家,城市才能得以持续、蓬勃的发展.     

政策要闻

印度上调成品油价格 降低原油进口关税 从6月4日起,印度国内汽油价格提高11%,每升提高5卢比,为50.52卢比(约合1.19美元);柴油价格提高9.5%,每升提高3卢比,为34.48卢比(约合0.81美元);每缺罐煤气提价50卢比,提高17%;用于照明和生活用的煤油价格保持不变.