全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9325篇 |
免费 | 3919篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 568篇 |
工业经济 | 1594篇 |
计划管理 | 1038篇 |
经济学 | 3026篇 |
综合类 | 140篇 |
运输经济 | 24篇 |
旅游经济 | 1篇 |
贸易经济 | 3118篇 |
农业经济 | 2557篇 |
经济概况 | 1167篇 |
邮电经济 | 11篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 182篇 |
2023年 | 406篇 |
2022年 | 255篇 |
2021年 | 179篇 |
2020年 | 494篇 |
2019年 | 980篇 |
2018年 | 759篇 |
2017年 | 810篇 |
2016年 | 707篇 |
2015年 | 637篇 |
2014年 | 720篇 |
2013年 | 897篇 |
2012年 | 955篇 |
2011年 | 647篇 |
2010年 | 658篇 |
2009年 | 610篇 |
2008年 | 383篇 |
2007年 | 465篇 |
2006年 | 387篇 |
2005年 | 381篇 |
2004年 | 365篇 |
2003年 | 234篇 |
2002年 | 159篇 |
2001年 | 107篇 |
2000年 | 74篇 |
1999年 | 62篇 |
1998年 | 74篇 |
1997年 | 68篇 |
1996年 | 50篇 |
1995年 | 38篇 |
1994年 | 44篇 |
1993年 | 48篇 |
1992年 | 67篇 |
1991年 | 89篇 |
1990年 | 30篇 |
1989年 | 33篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 13篇 |
1984年 | 9篇 |
1983年 | 12篇 |
1982年 | 20篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1978年 | 8篇 |
1976年 | 6篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 7篇 |
1971年 | 6篇 |
1969年 | 9篇 |
1963年 | 9篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
james heintz dorrit posel 《The South African journal of economics. Suid-afrikaanse tydskrif vir ekonomie》2008,76(1):26-44
This study revisits the definition of informal employment, and it investigates the puzzle of high open unemployment co‐existing with relatively limited informal employment in South Africa. We estimate earnings equations using data from the September 2004 Labour Force Survey and present evidence of persistent earnings differentials not only between formal and informal employment, but also between types of informal employment. These persistent earnings differentials are suggestive of complex segmentation in the South African labour market and challenge the presentation of informal employment as an undifferentiated residual with no barriers to entry or mobility. 相似文献
12.
Since the initial studies of derecognition, many articles have focused on the issue, by and large pointing to a slow increase in derecognition. However, a small number have indicated it is actually much larger. This paper shows that derecognition is even greater than these suggest and that its nature has changed. The paper looks at the contexts of this rise but argues that derecognition should not yet be seen as a major problem facing the unions. 相似文献
13.
通过对《形状和位置公差》新、旧国际的对比,综述了新、旧标准间的不同之处、便于迅速了解和应用新标准。 相似文献
14.
Summary Standard laboratory posted-offer markets respond slowly and incompletely to demand shocks. In these one-sided markets, where sellers control the setting of prices, very little information is transmitted via the process of exchange. For this reason, traders have trouble distinguishing randomness in their own experience from changes in market fundamentals. This paper reports the results of twelve laboratory markets conducted to assess whether some common variants to standard posted-offer rules can correct the adjustment deficiences. Although discounting, multiple postings and excess demand information all improve performance, we find that response remains poor, and efficiencies low.Support for this research was provided by the National Science Foundation (SBR 9319842 and SBR 9320044), and the University of Virginia Bankard Fund. Data are archived at FTP address: fido.econlab.arizona.edu. We wish to thank Charles Plott and Shyam Sunder for useful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. The usual disclaimer applies. 相似文献
15.
Fang Cai director professor Institute of Population Labor Economics Chinese Academy ofSocial Sciences assistant professor Institute of Populationand Labor Economics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Du associate professor Institute of Population Labor Economics Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. 《中国与世界经济(英文版)》2005,(1)
I.IntroductionSincethelate1990s,China’slabor market has comeundergreat pressure,asreflected by anincreasing unemployment rate,and adeclining labor force participation rate.The causesofthe severe unemployment are threefold.First,due to the macro-economic downturn andrapid industrial structural change in the late1990s,state-owned enterprises(SOEs),whichlost their comparative advantage and competitiveness,have been unable to fully utilizetheir production capacity,and have become loss-makers.Se… 相似文献
16.
Rosa M. Barriga Eugenia P. Vanek Katherine H. Mann Arnold Reisman Lawrence T. Kent 《Socio》1990,24(4):273-283
The simulation problem is one of the most commonly used formats in computer-assisted instruction (CAI). In medical education, a patient simulation problem is known as a patient management problem (PMP). A number of computerized PMP systems are currently available. However, to date, there is no record of PMP systems having been developed using artificial intelligence. This is noteworthy since artificial intelligence techniques could help in the generation of more effective and intelligent instructional systems.
This paper analyzes and evaluates existing instructional simulation software in clinical medicine in terms of effective educational design attributes. Components of effective PMP systems thus identified are incorporated into a computerized instructional system which uses artificial intelligence techniques for teaching problem-solving and diagnostic skills to undergraduate medical students. 相似文献
17.
18.
李英 《首都经济贸易大学学报》2004,6(6):66-68
社会主义经济是信用经济,没有信用,就没有秩序,市场经济就不能健康的发展。加强企业信用管理的风险控制是现代企业的一项重要任务。进入WTO标志着中国经济更加开放,国际贸易更加纷繁复杂,在机遇透人的同时,企业也潜伏着越来越大的风险,尤其是企业信用风险。因此强化企业的信用风险管理,建立与完善企业内部信用风险管理体制,仍然是企业面临的一项重要课题,笔者从多方面阐述了企业信用风险形成的原因以及如何建立风险管理机制等问题。 相似文献
19.
20.
This article examines the external shocks and subsequent adjustment processes in the Soviet Union, China, and Hungary during 1974–76, 1979–81, and 1984–87. It compares the experiences of the three socialist countries with regard to external shocks to those of inward-and outward-oriented groups of newly industrializing countries (NICs). In contrast to the NICs, terms of trade effects were of secondary magnitude to export demand effects of external shocks in the three socialist countries during the first two periods. The oil-exporting Soviet Union had beneficial terms of trade effects during the first two periods, with unfavorable effects coming only in the third period. The adjustment responses to the external shocks varied greatly in the Soviet Union from the other two reform-oriented socialist countries and from both groups of NICs. It is interesting to note that the types of responses in the Soviet Union were quite opposite to that one observes for market economies. However, reform-oriented China and Hungary seemed to have response patterns similar to those of market economies, though China's response was similar to the outward-oriented NICs, while Hungary's was similar to the inward-oriented NICs.The authors would like to thank two anonymous referees, as well as Robert Dernberger, Albert Fishlow, Gregory Grossman, Chung Lee, Michael Plummer, Laura Tyson, and Benjamin Ward, for useful comments on this paper. Research in preparing this study was partly supported by a grant from the Institute of International Studies and Center for Slavic and East European Studies of the University of California, Berkeley. 相似文献