Die Stellung von Mengers „Grundsätzen“ in der Geschichte der Volkswirtschaftslehre

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日元和马克的国际化比较及其启示

该文回顾并比较了日元和马克的国际化,马克在退出流通前的国际地位之所以明显超过日元,欧洲经济货币一体化和币值稳定是两个重要因素。为此,对人民币的国际化有两方面的启示：一是统筹协调资本项目可兑换与人民币国际化,区分市场类型,加快推进境外人民币资金投资国内金融市场;二是加强区域经济货币合作,推进人民币区域化,实现区域化与国际化的点面结合。     

Market process(es) and (un)knowledge

By extending an underdeveloped idea of Lachmann, I show that the Austrian theory of the market process class="EmphasisTypeItalic ">à la Kirzner is unable to explain the diversity of market processes because it neglects the imperfect inter-market mobility of factors of production. I show that by taking into account the imperfect mobility of capital equipment and the associated reshuffling costs, it is possible to formulate a set of empirically testable implications about the unfolding of the market process. Furthermore, I show that reshuffling costs shape the context in which the learning process takes place and that the epistemic assumption of structural opacity on which the Austrian theory of the market process relies is not incompatible with the epistemics assumption of structural transparency of neoclassical economics. These epistemic assumptions can be seen as the two poles of a “knowledge spectrum”, from potential omniscience to sheer ignorance.     

Business and Information Systems Engineering Links Science with Entrepreneurship

One of the major success indicators for applied research sciences is the rate of transfer from research into practice. Only if concrete and economically successful products are derived from research results, such sciences can induce an impact. However, this process of innovation mandatorily needs entrepreneurship. Within the domain of business information systems, the two German enterprises SAP AG and IDS Scheer AG demonstrate that linking research and innovation is the key to lasting success on the information technology markets. German industry has significant disadvantages concerning the cost of human resources. Therefore it can be only successful with products that incorporate a high degree of innovation and that are consequently highly priced. But the invention of such products needs scientific research as a source of inspiration. Germany has a highly developed infrastructure of research facilities and organizations. However, they need to be better coordinated and aligned with business needs. Vice versa, enterprises need to actively approach the scientific community in order to clearly formulate their demand. Such a strategy requires changes on all sides. To achieve a change in the domain of science, it is necessary to change the profile of leading researchers, such as full professors. They should incorporate attributes of an entrepreneur and be profiled more as a research manager who tries to anticipate future needs and to develop their unit in terms of research subjects as well as personnel and financial resources. Consequently, the process of application, selection and review of leading researchers should be more oriented on processes that are common in enterprises. E. g. external head-hunters can be involved in the searching and assessing process in order to obtain the best qualified person for the research vacancy. Also enterprises need to change their attitude towards scientific research. In order to foster this process, executives could be invited to advisory and supervisory boards of research organisations. Furthermore, these executives must be proactively informed about the research activities and results in order to attract their interest and to show potentials for a transfer into products. There is still a long way to go in the hunt for innovation leadership and all these suggestions can only be a starting point. Accepted after one revision by Prof. Dr. Buhl. This article is also available in German in print and via : Scheer AW (2008) Wirtschaftsinformatik zwischen Wissenschaft und Unternehmertum. WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK. doi     

The ownership of ratings

We identify the optimal contract between a rating agency and a firm and the circumstances under which simple ownership contracts implement this optimal solution. We assume that the decision to obtain a rating is endogenous and the price of a rating is a strategic variable. Clients hiding their ratings can be an equilibrium only if they are ex ante uncertain of their quality and if the hiring decision is not observable. For some distribution functions, a competitive rating market is necessary for this result to obtain. In this context, competition between rating intermediaries will lead to less information in equilibrium.     

国际关系与国际法跨学科研究之路径

从本源看,国际关系与国际法关系紧密;从学科发展史看,国际关系理论与国际法学相辅相成。正由此,在两个学科的联结被割裂近半个世纪后,跨学科研究又在西方蓬勃兴起,甚至号称一个国际关系与国际法学派正在形成。相比之下,中国的相关研究刚刚起步,《当代国际法的发展:一种从国际关系理论视角的分析》一书正是起步阶段的一部探索性之作。该书是从国际关系理论的视角,对当代国际法与国际组织的实践进行的一种跨学科分析,试图为当代国际法的实践提供另一种途径的理论诠释。无疑,国际关系与国际法的跨学科研究必须克服很多困难,包括跨学科研究的难度、学科内的偏见以及学科之间的隔阂等。不过,正是由于跨学科研究本身能够给两个学科的进步带来的诱人前景,决定了其是一种具有强大生命力的研究路径,并将成为学科发展的必然趋势之一。     

The Pareto-dominant strategy-proof and fair rule for problems with indivisible goods

We study the problem of allocating a set of indivisible goods among a set of agents when monetary transfers are not allowed. We consider two interesting cases of this problem: (1) the supply of each object is exactly one; and (2) the supply of an object may be greater than one. Our central requirements are strategy-proofness and ex post fairness. We propose a particular rule satisfying strategy-proofness and no-envy (as well as equal treatment of equals). For the first case, it Pareto dominates any other rule satisfying strategy-proofness and equal treatment of equals. For the second case, it Pareto dominates any other rule satisfying strategy-proofness and no-envy.