Darstellung und Messung der Bevölkerungs-verteilung im geographischen Raum

Ohne Zusammenfassung Diesen Strau? von Blumen, gepflückt im Garten und in der Umgebung meiner „Demometrie“, die Ihnen, verehrter Herr KollegeSagoroff, so viel zu danken hat, bitte ich Sie, als eine bescheidene Gabe zu Ihrem 70. Geburtstag freundlichst entgegenzunehmen. In aufrichtiger Freundschaft IhrWilhelm Winkler.     

Marshall’s disciples: knowledge and innovation driving regional economic development and growth

Studies of knowledge and innovation as driving forces of regional development and growth offer a myriad of approaches. Here, questions asked, methods used and answers given are manifold. In our overview, we cover recent developments in this research area. Moreover, we explore the question as to the extent to which approaches in this research area compete with or complement one another. It turns out that the various studies are much more complementary than competitive. However, there is still much ground to be covered before we fully understand the processes underlying the creation and dissemination of knowledge and innovation leading to regional development and growth.JEL Classification: R11, O32, O33, O18 Correspondence to: Claudia WerkerThis Special Issue is the outcome of the workshop on c="/content/ymvmyfn7ah474lj9/xxlarge8220.gif" alt="ldquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0">Knowledge and Innovation in Creating and Sustaining Regional Growth in a Global Environmentc="/content/ymvmyfn7ah474lj9/xxlarge8221.gif" alt="rdquo" align="MIDDLE" BORDER="0"> held at Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands, July 10 ^th until 12 ^th , 2003. Financial support by the Dutch research council (NWO), the Centre for Economic Research (CfER) of the Open University Milton Keynes (UK) as well as by Eindhoven Center for Innovation Studies (ECIS, The Netherlands) is gratefully acknowledged; as is the organizational support by ECIS. We are grateful for helpful comments by Ron Boschma and Joachim Schwerin. Moreover, we would like to thank Uwe Cantner for his kind support in making this Special Issue happen. Naturally, the usual disclaimer applies.     

转型经济中农户储蓄行为:中国农村的实证研究

本文运用大样本农户家庭调查资料 ,对决定中国农户家庭储蓄行为的影响因素进行了探索 ,从实际出发构建了一个具有较好解释力 ,且能对各种类型的变量均有所考虑的储蓄模型。研究发现 :(a)流动性约束、预防性储蓄动机以及工业化等对储蓄率的上升贡献相当大 ,且为正值 ;(b)在解释区域间储蓄率的差异时 ,文化是一个相当重要的因素 ;(c)家庭生命周期的“∪”型分布假说被拒绝 ,相反的“∩”型分布被发现 ;(d)当家庭财富与储蓄率的相关关系表现为负时 ,持久收入假说也被拒绝。     

The relationship of sport experience and the effect of competitive anxiety during the match for junior handball player students

The main aim of the current study were to find out the effect of competitive anxiety during the match for junior handball player students, and to investigate the relationship between the training experience of students and the level of competitive anxiety during the match for junior handball player students in youth centers of Duhok province in Iraq. A total number of participants was 128 junior handball players divided into 8 youth centers (Akre, Amedi, Bardarash, Domiz, Duhok, Shexan, Sumel and Zaxo) each center contain 16 players. The scale of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 was used to collect the data. The one way ANOVA, Test Least Significant Difference to find out the effect of competitive anxiety during the match for junior handball player students, and the correlation was conducted to find the relationship between the competitive anxiety and the training experience. The results showed that there is a significant differences between junior handball player students in the level of competitive anxiety for the youth centers (class="EmphasisTypeItalic ">p < 0.00), and there is a negative significant correlation between the training experience and the level of competitive anxiety (r = ? 0.423, class="EmphasisTypeItalic ">p = 0.00). This study would show useful information about the effect of competitive anxiety and training experience for junior handball player students.     

Von der Demographie zur Demometrie

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Transaction Costs,Option Prices,and Model Risk in Fair Value Accounting

This paper examines the reliability of option fair value estimates in the presence of transaction costs. The Black Scholes Merton (BSM) framework assumes zero transaction costs and thus might not provide a reasonable approximation in this context. We investigate the model adjustments companies make to their BSM models to deal with these transaction costs. We specifically examine Employee Stock Option (ESO) plans listed on the French stock exchange, as detailed disclosure on modeling is available for these ESOs. Our analysis questions the reliability of these model adjustments, especially their bias and the extent to which they provide a faithful representation of option fair values. Holding parameter values constant, we find that the model adjustments lead to a median understatement of 52% compared to the BSM model price, higher than the discount we observe for the opportunistic determination of model parameters (below 20%). The paper contributes to the fair value literature by highlighting model risk in the fair valuation of options. This model risk stems from assumptions made about the size of transaction costs and complements the notion of parameter risk analyzed in previous literature. As a result, the model itself might be a possible channel for fair value management.     

欧盟在国际气候谈判中的政策立场分析

欧盟是国际气候谈判的最初发起者,是事实上的京都进程国际气候谈判的领导者,也是京都模式的坚定支持者。国际体系结构是欧盟采取这种立场的最根本动因。冷战后的国际体系结构在一超多强的总体结构下是一种单极与多极并存的双重复合型结构,而应对全球气候变化的温室气体减排行动最终会深刻影响未来国家(集团)在国际体系中的实力地位并最终决定国际体系的权力分配。对未来影响的考量以及争取成为未来世界重要一极的战略意图是欧盟采取积极主动的减排立场并担当国际气候谈判领导者角色的根本动因。     

融入与自主性的平衡:中国外交的核心问题

中国外交在若干转折性剧变中存在着一个有关身份定位的核心问题,即面临鸦片战争后的特殊时空情境中国应该如何处理与现代国际体系的关系。维护国家自主性是中国外交的根本战略目标,融入是国家维护其自主性的最好战略。因而,实现融入与自主性的平衡构成了中国外交的核心问题。作者在将国家置于全球相互依赖背景下考察时,试图将合作、责任内涵引入自主性概念之中,并指出,由于相同的历史条件与现实任务,这一核心问题也是广大的发展中国家面临的普遍问题,探索这一问题具有广泛的理论与现实意义。