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31.
The current global economic crisis concerns the way in which contemporary capitalism has turned to financialisation as a double cure for both a falling rate of profit and a deficiency of demand. Although this turning is by no means unprecedented, policies of financialisation have depressed demand (in part as a result of the long-term stagnation of average wages) while at the same time not proving adequate to restore profits and growth. This paper argues that the current crisis is less the ‘normal’ one that has to do with a constitutive need to balance growth of abstract wealth with demand for concrete commodities. Rather, it marks a meta-crisis of capitalism that is to do with the difficulties of sustaining abstract growth as such. This meta-crisis is the tendency at once to abstract from the real economy of productive activities and to reduce everything to its bare materiality. By contrast with a market economy that binds material value to symbolic meaning, a capitalist economy tends to separate matter from symbol and reduce materiality to calculable numbers representing ‘wealth’. Such a conception of wealth rests on the aggregation of abstract numbers that cuts out all the relational goods and the ‘commons’ on which shared prosperity depends.  相似文献   
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Since voters are often swayed more by the personal image of politicians than by party manifestos, they may cast votes that are in opposition to their policy preferences. This results in the election of representatives who do not correspond exactly to the voters’ own views. An alternative voting procedure to avoid this type of election failure is prompted by the approach implemented in internet voting advice applications, like the German Wahl-O-Mat, which asks the user a number of questions on topical policy issues; the computer program, drawing on all the parties’ answers, finds for the user the best-matching party, the second-best-matching party, etc. Under the proposed alternative election method, the voters cast no direct votes. Rather, they are asked about their preferences on the policy issues as declared in the party manifestos (Introduce nationwide minimum wage? Yes/No; Introduce a speed limit on the motorways? Yes/No, etc.), which reveals the balance of public opinion on each issue. These embedded referenda measure the degree to which the parties’ policies match the preferences of the electorate. The parliament seats are then distributed among the parties in proportion to their indices of popularity (the average percentage of the population represented on all the issues) and universality (frequency in representing a majority). This paper reports on an experimental application of this method during the election of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Student Parliament on July 4–8, 2016. The experiment shows that the alternative election method can increase the representativeness of the Student Parliament. We also discuss some traits and bottlenecks of the method that should be taken into account when preparing elections.  相似文献   
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对即将出库的粮食进行调质机械通风。主要是为了增加粮食水分。补偿粮食入库时因水分较高而进行的降水机械通风或粮食储存期间水分自然减量而造成的粮食数量损耗。事实证明。因上述原因造成的粮食水分减量是比较严重的。中央储备粮临沂直属库沂南分库2001年和2002年入库的粮食.经过34a的保管,出库时水分平均下降1%-1.5%。如果不进行调质通风。势必会造成巨大的经济损失。鉴于这种情况。中央储备粮临沂直属库沂南分库分别于2004年和2005年对两口仓所储小麦进行了利用大气条件进行调质通风和利用加湿器进行调质通风两种方法的调质通风试验,自我探索,自我实践,在试验取得一定成效的基础上,也积累了一点经验。现结合试验情况,将两种调质通风方法的应用效果进行对比。对两者的特点和发展前景进行分析预测。  相似文献   
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In this article, the authors explore consensus among economists on specific propositions based on a fall 2011 survey of American Economic Association members. Results are based on 568 responses and provide evidence of changes in opinion over time by including propositions from earlier studies in 2000 (Fuller and Geide-Stevenson 2003) and 1992 (Alston, Kearl, and Vaughan 1992). Propositions focus on microeconomics, macroeconomics, distributional and international topics, as well as pedagogy. Results indicate a movement toward an overall higher level of consensus, mainly because of a drop in the incidence of no consensus. Especially in the area of distributional propositions, economists display an increased concern with income inequality and potential effects on growth. In the area of macroeconomics, current opinions are more similar to those of the 1992 survey than the 2000 survey.  相似文献   
35.
张益明  王德发  徐礼敏 《上海金融》2012,(10):70-77,118
基于2001年至2009年A股市场上市公司的数据,本文从异质信念的角度检验了产品市场势力与股票市场交易量之间的关系。结果发现产品市场势力的提高能显著促进个股的交易,这与Peress(2010)的研究一致。不同的是,我们发现产品市场势力提高能通过增加投资者的异质信念水平促进交易,这和本文的预期一致。另外,我们的结果还表明产品市场势力与投资者单笔的交易量显著正相关。  相似文献   
36.
运用价值工程原理, 改进曾获国家科技进步一等奖的锻焊结构加氢反应器的筒节锻造工艺, 创新后的筒节锻造工艺又应用在其他两台类似的加氢反应器上,总计降低生产成本1700 余万元。  相似文献   
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马雪彬  马春花 《上海金融》2013,(3):26-30,116
一定程度上讲,发展中国家实现全面经济增长的关键在于该国的金融深化水平,因为金融深化能减少家庭的消费信贷约束,释放居民消费能力,提振消费促进经济增长的潜力,对于我国而言更是如此.但在金融深化助推经济增长的同时,根据莫迪利安尼的生命周期消费理论,我国趋于老龄化的人口结构也会作用于居民消费,当这两种效应同时发生作用时我国居民消费水平的走向便成为一个关注的重点.本文利用Eviews6.0软件通过构建居民消费率、少年抚养率、老年抚养率和金融市场化指数四变量之间的VAR和VEC模型进行实证分析,在定性基础上做了定量研究.结果表明少年抚养率和老年抚养率以及金融市场化程度都是居民消费率的格兰杰原因,但少年抚养率对居民消费率的影响最为显著,老年抚养率和金融市场化程度都只是在短期内对居民消费率产生影响,长期内这种影响将趋于稳定.此外,金融市场化程度的加深通过允许居民跨期消费和为居民提供多种投资渠道而减轻居民收入压力,改变其生育决策,引起少年抚养率的上升.  相似文献   
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