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91.
Trent Bertrand 《Journal of International Economics》1973,3(4):398-400
92.
Bertrand Venard 《Journal of Business Ethics》2009,89(1):59-76
Based on neo-institutional literature, this article aims to show the influence of organizational isomorphism on corruption.
The focus is institutional explanations of corruption. Our model is based on empirical research in Russia at the end of the
1990s. A face-to-face questionnaire was conducted with 552 top executives in private firms across various economic sectors.
We used the structural equation model Partial Least Squares, PLS, technique to test our hypotheses. The developed model provides
an integrated approach to the study of the relationship between corruption and organizational isomorphism. Our empirical data
from firms in Russia allowed us to test various theoretical hypotheses concerning the influence of organizational isomorphism
on corruption. Our emphasis is on the influence of competitive and institutional isomorphism on corruption. 相似文献
93.
Bertrand Rime 《Journal of Financial Services Research》2001,19(1):27-38
We present an alternative view on regulatory distortions in the banking industry. We use the duopoly model developed by Boot, Dezelan, and Milbourn (BDM, 2000), where a bank with low monitoring costs faces a bank with high monitoring costs. We show that when the initial level of the capital requirement is low, an increase of the minimum ratio between capital and total assets causes a higher decrease in profits at the bad bank than at the good bank. This finding contrasts with BDM's theorem 1, which predicts that a regulation imposing an identical increase in production costs on both banks will cause a greater loss in profits at the good bank than at the bad bank. We also look at the impact of an increase in the minimum ratio between capital and total assets on the profits of a representative bank in three other competitive environments identified in BDM. We find that the decrease in the representative bank's profit caused by an increase in the capital requirement is larger when the bank faces competition from an unregulated firm than when it faces a regulated competitor or no competitor at all. This result is consistent with BDM's theorem 2. 相似文献
94.
This paper is devoted to the study of the Pareto-efficiency of the competitive equilibrium for an overlapping generations
economy with endogenous fertility. Pareto-efficiency needs a reformulation when fertility is endogenous. Then it is proved
that a competitive equilibrium that converges in over-accumulation is non-Pareto-efficient. However, we provide an example
in which a competitive equilibrium that converges in under-accumulation is non-Pareto-efficient. Finally, we give a general
condition that ensures the Pareto-efficiency of the competitive equilibrium.
This paper was presented at the conference “Irregular Growth”: Beyond Balanced Growth” , Paris, June 2003.
The current version of this paper was completed after Philippe Michel’s sudden death. Bertrand Wigniolle wants to express
his deep sorrow for the loss of a close friend and an excellent economist, from whom he learned a lot over the years.
The authors would like to thank Tapan Mitra for helpful comments. They also are grateful to Claire Loupias, who began to think
with them on the subject and to an anonymous referee for useful suggestions and improvements. 相似文献
95.
We study in this article the problem of model risk in VaR computations and document a procedure for correcting the bias due to specification and estimation errors. This practical method consists of “learning from model mistakes”, since it dynamically relies on an adjustment of the VaR estimates – based on a back‐testing framework – such as the frequency of past VaR exceptions always matches the expected probability. We finally show that integrating the model risk into the VaR computations implies a substantial minimum correction to the order of 10–40% of VaR levels. 相似文献
96.
Backup coverage models in nature reserve site selection with spatial spread risk heterogeneity 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Set covering and maximal covering problems are well-known integer programming models in location analysis. Such models have also been used in reserve site selection modeling. They aim at selecting sites to conserve species, sometimes reflecting a desire to group protected sites together or to separate sites. This paper uses such models but considers the case of land heterogeneity in terms of the risk of large disturbances that threaten species even within a reserve, such as fires, diseases, pests or invasive species. It removes the classical assumption of homogeneous land sites and considers both adjacency in areas with a low risk of multi-parcel disturbance and distance between sites in areas with a high risk of a large destructive event. The models are explored in a stylized data set and applied to a portion of the state of Oregon with comparison between the standard covering models in homogeneous and heterogeneous risk settings. 相似文献
97.
Henri Guénin-Paracini Bertrand Malsch Anne Marché Paillé 《Accounting, Organizations and Society》2014
Relying on an ethnographic study conducted in the French branch of a big audit firm and using a psychodynamic perspective to interpret the collected data, we show that auditors’ sense of comfort (Pentland, 1993) arises only at the end of the audit process, and that the rest of the time, public accountants are inhabited primarily by fear. Fear plays a crucial but ambivalent role in auditing. On one hand, auditors and audit firms cultivate this feeling through informal and formal techniques to stimulate vigilance, encourage self-surpassment, mitigate the anesthetizing effect of habit and maintain reputation. On the other hand, audit teams’ members strive to alleviate their fear in order to form and convey their conclusions with a certain degree of comfort. In the field, driven by fear, they manage to finally become comfortable either by mobilizing their ‘practical intelligence’ (an intelligence of the body which helps them handle that which, in their mission, cannot be obtained through the strict execution of standardized procedures) or by adopting defensive strategies (such as distancing themselves from work-related problems, mechanically applying audit methodologies or relaxing their conception of a job well done). Fear and risk are closely related phenomena. Michael Power (2007a, p. 180) notes that ‘the significant driver of the managerialization of risk management is an institutional fear and anxiety’. Yet the experience of fear and the role that fear plays in risk management processes is most often overlooked in the literature. In this respect, our study contributes to ‘emotionalize’ and challenge the cognitive and technical orientation adopted by most academics and regulators in their understanding of audit risks and auditors’ scepticism. We also discuss a number of avenues for future research with a view to encouraging further examination of the role that emotions play in the audit process. 相似文献
98.
We study the stability of decision making in committees. A policy proposal introduced by a committee member is either adopted or abandoned in favor of a new proposal after deliberations. If a proposal is abandoned, it is in spite of the committee member who introduced it, who does not cooperate in any effort to defeat it. Shenoy (1980) proposes the one-core as a solution concept for this game, and shows that this solution may be empty. We provide a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a stable policy under the majority rule. This result highlights a trade-off between the size of a committee, the number of competing policy options, and the existence of a stable outcome. Our findings imply a tension between political stability and the existence of a large number of competing interests in democracies. 相似文献
99.
Elodie Bertrand 《European Journal of the History of Economic Thought》2019,26(3):502-536
The controversy over the theoretical validity of the ‘Coase theorem’ is closely linked to the controversy over the correct statement of it, since the principal need is to determine what valid generalizations can be made on the basis of Coase’s 1960 examples. The present article does not aim to review the content of the controversy as such, but rather to question the reasons behind it: why so much noise about a proposition that is patently unrealistic (because of its assumption of zero transaction costs)? I argue that the prominence of the controversy, namely of the question of the validity (and statement) of the ‘Coase theorem’, can be analytically explained by the roles this ‘theorem’ plays in microeconomics: it is critical (of the standard theory of market failures), heuristic (drawing out the consequences of the efficiency assumption), and normative (conveying an optimistic view of the efficiency of exchange). I stress that these roles depend on the nature of the exchange defined in the formulation of the ‘theorem’. And I conclude that they rest upon the cooperative bargaining version, and therefore on an optimistic belief in the ability of people to find efficient agreements. 相似文献
100.
Bertrand Baud-Lavigne Bruno Agard Bernard Penz 《International Journal of Production Economics》2012,135(1):50-60
This paper deals with two major issues for industries; the product design and the supply chain design. These problems are usually solved separately, but in recent years, approaches were proposed to tackle these two problems together. In this paper, we investigate more precisely the links between the standardization of products or components, and the design of the supply chain. First, we show on a little example that there is a great interest to consider simultaneously these two decisions, and that solving these interdependent problems separately could result in a suboptimal, or even a bad, decision. Then, on a simplified problem issued from an industrial case study, we outline the impact of standardization choices on the structure of the supply chain and the gain that can be obtained from solving the problem as a unique compound optimization model. To illustrate the solutions of the problem, we propose graphics in order to visualize, in function of quantities and/or transportation costs, the best decision for the product standardization and for the supply chain design. Graphics also permit to anticipate the impacts of a variation of either quantities or transportation costs, from a specific situation. Such graphics they could be used in a decision aid tool to help companies in their choices. Finally, we show that costs and supply chain structure are highly impacted. 相似文献