冷冻饮品国家卫生标准中大肠菌群限值的探讨

目的:对冷冻饮品卫生标准GB 2759-2015微生物学大肠菌群限值进行探讨。方法:采用MPN及平板计数法检测样品1和样品2中的大肠菌群,采用MPN计数法检测样品2中的粪大肠菌群。结果:样品1大肠菌群MPN计数合格率为13.3%,平板计数合格率为93.9%;样品2大肠菌群平板计数合格率为100%,MPN计数法均检出大肠菌群,粪大肠菌群检出率为93.3%。结论:冷冻饮品大肠菌群的检验方法可根据污染情况选择MPN及平板计数法,并增加粪大肠菌群检验项目。     

欧盟商品市场一体化的影响因素研究:基于边界效应的视角

本文选用2000-2005年欧盟成员国之间以及欧盟成员国与外部主要贸易伙伴国之间的双边出口贸易额等数据,使用面板数据方法,基于边界效应的视角,分别探讨了欧盟25国和欧盟15国的商品市场一体化影响因素。结果表明:欧盟这样的区域贸易协定对其成员国具有正面影响。地理临近性和文化联系鼓励紧密的贸易伙伴,距离、税率和人口对双边贸易存在负面影响,这与以往的研究结果相同。非关税壁垒成为重要边界可部分解释欧盟25国的内部边界效应高于欧盟15国的研究结果。     

Identifying micro-destinations and providing statistical information: a pilot study in the Canary Islands

Municipalities and regions are often used as an object of tourism analysis at the subnational level. This occurs because administrative borders are used to implement tourism policies and collect statistical information. However, administrative boundaries may not always be suitable for studying tourism destinations at a local level. Sometimes, particularly in high-density tourism destinations, several differentiated tourism areas occupy a single municipality; tourism areas may, and often do, extend beyond municipal boundaries and tourism destinations may not occupy the whole of the municipal area. As such, a new level of analysis is often required: the micro-destination. There are few tourism concepts as imprecise as that of the destination. Therefore, the process of identifying and establishing the boundaries of a micro-destination is by no means a straightforward one. This paper presents six criteria for establishing the boundaries of this type of tourism area. Of these six, the two primary criteria used are: the concentration of tourism establishments; and tourism typologies and supply characteristics. These criteria have been applied as part of a pilot study in the Canary Islands. Statistical information for nine micro-destinations is generated using the geolocation of tourism establishments together with information obtained from both supply-side and demand-side surveys.     

我国海洋渔业生态环境污染及治理对策

渔业生态环境对我国渔业的健康可持续发展具有重要的影响作用,本文首先阐述了渔业生态环境及其影响因素,包括非生物因素、生物因素和人为因素等,并分析了我国海洋渔业生态环境污染的现状,指出了海洋渔业生态环境污染物的来源,主要包括陆地污染源、海上污染源和养殖业自身的污染等,最后提出了防止海洋渔业生态环境污染的主要对策.     

"突破菏泽"经济发展模式的几点思考

菏泽市，古称曹州。历史上，菏泽因水而穷。建国前，黄河三年两决口，菏泽人民饱受自然灾害之苦，生产条件恶劣，工业几乎空白。建国后到改革开放前，菏泽处于吃粮靠统销、生产靠贷款、生活靠救济的“三靠”状态。长期恶劣的生存环境使不少菏泽百姓逐渐形成了不敢积累、不愿意积累、无意识积累的生活习惯。从1992年到2002年的10年间，菏泽市GDP年均增长6．8％，比全省平均水平低6个百分点，菏泽市累计实际利用外资仅占全省累计实际利用外资的1％，累计出口总值仅占全省累计出口总值的0．5％。2003年菏泽市人均GDP3337元，仅为全省平均水平的25％。1992年菏泽GDP同德州、聊城、滨州经济实力大体相当，现在差距却越来越大，从这些数字中折射出一个严峻的现实：菏泽何去何从？     

The Collapse of the ‘New EMS’: An Interpretation

Existing theoretical models cannot explain the following features of the EMS and its crisis in 1992: its progressive hardening from 1987 onwards; the fact that credibility was shared the progressive deterioration of credibility after the first Danish referendum without changes in the economic fundamentals. This paper argues that the reason lies in the fact that the literature has not accounted for the changes in the perceived prospects of EMU. We show that an adjustable peg regime that incorporates these prospects can explain the three features listed above.     

经济分析与预测模型中信息矩阵的病态问题分析

对常用的经济分析与预测模型中的线性回归、时间序列及灰色系统信息矩阵的病态问题进行了讨论。通过对统计资料附加干扰,基于最小二乘原理,得出每个模型中的每一参数与噪声的数值关系。指出在经济分析与预测模型的使用过程中,使用这类模型进行分析时必须考虑矩阵的病态问题,采取有效方法减轻或者消除信息矩阵的病态程度后方可使用这三种模型。     

高速公路建设证券化融资刍议

在高速公路建设时期,各国一般都会遇到建设资金短缺这个"瓶颈"问题,我国也不例外。本文以我国高速公路建设证券化融资为研究主体,创新性地把它分为筹建阶段的证券化融资和建成后的证券化再融资——资产证券化,从理论和实践层面对高速公路的证券化融资进行研究。     

存货质押融资分阶段利率决策模型的构建

随着保理融资各交易阶段的进行,保理商所承受的风险相对由高至低,保理商利润非负的临界质押率水平及利率水平都发生了相应的动态变化。从价格波动规律出发,以进出口保理融资业务为代表,在满足下侧风险限制条件下,提出保理商针对各交易阶段提供融资业务利率的决策模型,并在此基础上分析保理融资中质押率、价格、违约可能性与利率的相互关系。研究得出利率水平随着各交易阶段的进行呈逐渐降低的趋势,灵活把握融资各阶段质押物价值、违约等风险因子变化,有利于降低融资风险性。