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991.
We investigate the political determinants of liberalization in OECD network industries, performing a panel estimation over
30 years, through the largest and most updated sample available. Our results contrast with the traditional wisdom according
to which right-wing governments do promote market-oriented policies more intensively than left-wing ones. Our findings reveal
a neglected role of the so-called neoliberalism in promoting left-wing market-oriented policy. As a result, we claim that
ideological cleavages ceased to act as determinants of the liberalization wave observed in network industries. This result
is confirmed when controlling for the existing regulatory conditions that executives find when elected. Furthermore, we find
that the country’s exposure to other countries’ policy initiatives acts as a positive stimulus for liberalization policies. 相似文献
992.
We analyze the impact of leniency programs on the behavior of firms participating in illegal cartel agreements in a two-stage
repeated game model. Our approach takes into account asymmetric punishment effect and allows to discuss the design of leniency
programs in the setting with asymmetries. The main contribution of the paper is that we consider heterogeneous firms. This
heterogeneity results in additional costs in case of disclosure of the cartel, which are caused by asymmetric punishments.
Next, following current antitrust rules, we analyze effects of the strictness of leniency programs, which reflects the likelihood
of getting a complete exemption from fine even in case many firms self-report simultaneously. Our main conclusion is that
leniency programs work better for small companies, since a lower rate of law enforcement is needed in order to induce self-reporting
by smaller firms, while big firms are less likely to start a cartel in the first place given the possibility of self-reporting
in future. Finally, we analyze optimal enforcement strategies of the antitrust authority and conclude that the authority with
limited resources should implement more generous leniency rules the more cartelized the economy is. 相似文献
993.
Michelle L. Roehm Harper A. RoehmJr. 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2011,39(3):363-375
In the present research, Construal Level Theory is used to predict that consumers will mentally characterize incentive offers
differently as a function of their redemption time frames. Data from two experiments indicate that concrete features, such
as the face value of an offer or its mode of presentation (as a dollar figure or as a percentage discount), are prominent
for incentives with short time frames but not for incentives with long ones. In the latter case, abstract features, such as
the incentive’s goal congruity or fit with personal values, are more likely to influence responses. 相似文献
994.
Green marketing strategies: an examination of stakeholders and the opportunities they present 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. Joseph CroninJr Jeffery S. Smith Mark R. Gleim Edward Ramirez Jennifer Dawn Martinez 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》2011,39(1):158-174
As green marketing strategies become increasingly more important to firms adhering to a triple-bottom line performance evaluation,
the present research seeks to better understand the role of “green” as a marketing strategy. Through an integration of the
marketing, management, and operations literatures, an investigative framework is generated that identifies the various stakeholders
potentially impacted through the environmentally friendly efforts of a firm. Specifically, the inter-connected nature of the
core business disciplines of marketing, management (both strategy and human resources), and operations are examined as controllable
functions within an organization from which strategies can be enacted to affect a firm’s stakeholders. The prior research
in these areas is examined to identify potential research opportunities in marketing while also offering a series of representative
research questions that can help guide future research in marketing. 相似文献
995.
996.
Nelson C. Modeste 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2011,38(1):53-62
This paper provides fresh estimates of income and price elasticities of import demand in Guyana, Jamaica, and Trinidad and
Tobago using a bounds test for cointegration. In addition, the paper also provides estimates of the consumption, investment,
and exports elasticities of import demand. These latter elasticities were all found to be positive and statistically significant
with values ranging from 0.16 to 0.55 in the long-run. 相似文献
997.
SFAS 158 mandated balance sheet disclosure of the funded status of firms’ Defined Benefit Pension Plan using the Projected Benefit Obligation (PBO) to estimate the pension liability. SFAS 158 caused a market phenomenon because the use of the PBO engendered dramatically higher estimates of pension liability and hence the perception of risk. Our work focuses on two aspects of this change in pension accounting: first, how will industry firms change their accounting strategy in light of the new rules, and second, how will firms’ stock prices be affected by the new allegedly better estimate of pension liability? Our research suggests that firms’ accounting strategies changed in that they use higher discount rates to estimate pension liability which offset the dramatic impact of using the PBO. In addition, we find that high financial risk firms’ tendencies to use higher discount rates increase with the firms’ leverage and decrease with liquidity. To test the market reaction we utilize standard event study methodology to investigate the effects of SFAS 158 on stock returns. Our findings suggest that firms with high (low) financial risk earn negative (positive) abnormal returns on and around relevant event dates preceding the implementation of SFAS 158. 相似文献
998.
This paper studies the financing status of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in transition economies. Factors causing financing
obstacles are indentified and further analyzed to determine their influence over financing patterns. Bank regulatory practices
relevant to SMEs’ access to bank loans and their influence over loan structures are identified. This study contributes to
the existing body of knowledge by exploring the impact of specific bank regulatory practices on credit lending to SMEs in
transition economies. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Joseph P. Joyce 《Open Economies Review》2011,22(5):875-895
Bank crises in emerging economies have been a feature of the recent global crisis, and their incidence has increased in the
post-Bretton Woods era. This paper investigates the impact of financial globalization on the incidence of systemic bank crises
in 20 emerging markets over the years 1976–2002 using measures of de facto and de jure financial openness. An increase in foreign debt liabilities contributes to an increase in the incidence of crises, but foreign
direct investment and portfolio equity liabilities have the opposite effect. A more liberal de jure capital regime lowers the incidence of banking crises, while a regime of fixed exchange rates increases their frequency.
The results of the econometric analysis is consistent with the experience of East European and central Asian emerging markets,
which attracted a relatively large proportion of capital flows in the form of debt in recent years and have been particularly
hard hit by the global financial crisis. 相似文献