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951.
The economic effects of federalism are unclear: some papers find that federalism has strong positive effects on a number of
economically relevant variables, others find negative effects. The results often crucially hinge on the proxies for federalism
used. In this paper, we critically survey the existing indicators for both federalism and fiscal decentralization. We argue
that federalism is a constitutional institution, whereas decentralization is the outcome of a policy choice, and that the
two ought to be systematically distinguished because decentralization can also occur in nonfederally structured states. We
further argue that institutional details are very important with regard to federalism and that dummy variables usually capture
only very specific aspects of these institutional details. We use factor analysis to test whether the latent variables behind
the observed indicators support these assumptions. More than two important factors are derived, implying that a more fine-grained
differentiation beyond simply “‘federalism” and “decentralization” might be in order. The correlations of the most important
proxies for various aspects of federalism and decentralization with a number of quasi-exogenous variables, as well as with
institutional variables, are usually rather modest. 相似文献
952.
We develop a dynamic game model of a two-country monetary union to study strategic interactions between macroeconomic policy
makers, namely the central bank and governments. In this union, the governments of participating countries pursue national
goals when deciding on fiscal policies, whereas the common central bank’s monetary policy aims at union-wide objective variables.
The union considered is asymmetric, consisting of a core, with lower initial public debt, and a periphery, with higher initial
public debt. For a symmetric demand shock, we derive numerical solutions of the dynamic game between the governments and the
central bank using the OPTGAME algorithm. We show that mildly active cooperative countercyclical policies dominate noncooperative
solutions and a scenario of no policy intervention. Optimal policies call for a brief expansionary action to bolster the effects
on output and a return to a small fiscal primary surplus as soon as the crisis is over until the targeted level of public
debt is reached. 相似文献
953.
954.
Heeho Kim 《International Advances in Economic Research》2011,17(2):169-180
This paper provides a theory and evidence that the risk premium puzzle is viewed as a phenomenon pertaining to the unstable
foreign exchange market. In an unstable market, revision error uncompensated by an initial risk premium accrues due to consumer
expectation revision about the ex ante uncertainty of the exchange rate. The risk premium widely deviates from its initial level, depending on the frequency of
the consumer expectation revision and the degree of risk aversion. Subsequent evidence shows the existence of the revision
errors for the risk premium during the Asian currency crisis and the recent financial crisis periods. 相似文献
955.
956.
高等职业技术院校是培养我国专业技术人才的基础。高等职业教育中专业英语教育作为重要的课程,必须加强对其重视的程度。通过高等职业院校专业英语教育的不断加强,可以提高学生的英语实践水平,为后期的专业学习打下基础,为日后的文献检索、查询打下基础。 相似文献
957.
958.
高校财务管理存在的问题及对策分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
当前,高校在财务管理方面存在的问题,主要是缺乏财务管理意识,财务人员素质有待提高;预算管理不完善,预算执行控制乏力;高校财务管理缺乏系统的评价指标;国有资产管理混乱,内部控制制度不健全,资产账实不符;重视举债发展,忽视风险防范等。高校应从树立财务市场风险意识;优化资源配置提高资产的利用率;加强财务人员培养,全面提升高校的财务管理水平;加强支出预算的科学性,执行的严肃性;建立内部控制机制等方面入手,做好高校的财务管理工作。 相似文献
959.
Panagiotis N. Fotis Michael L. Polemis Nikolaos E. Zevgolis 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2011,11(1):67-89
This paper examines the possible effect of the derogation from suspension of concentrations by the Hellenic Competition Commission
(HCC) on the stock performance of the requested companies. For this reason, we examined 16 companies listed in the Athens
Stock Exchange (A.S.E) that are involved to 13 requested derogations from suspension during the period 1995–2008 by applying
and assessing the results of three different event study methodologies (market model, mean adjusted return model and market
adjusted return model). From the empirical findings, we conclude that the argument of the requested companies concerning the
subsequent negative effect on their stock performance if the derogation from suspension by the HCC is delayed or not granted
does not hold. On the contrary, the average abnormal and cumulative returns of the requested companies are positive and statistical
significant. In addition, the results of the three event study methodologies are robust. 相似文献
960.
Bartholomew C. Watson 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2011,11(3):309-324
Like other service sectors, information technology has dramatically altered the growth and character of the retail trade sector
in the affluent economies. Nevertheless, significant variation exists in the typical strategies of retail firms in different
countries. This article explores this variation and proposes an explanation for why retailers achieved scale and solved their
make, buy, and partner decisions along such different trajectories. It argues that national bases for scale retailing were
shaped by a series of political negotiations starting in the 1960s and 1970s. This demonstrates once again that technology
implementation is rarely determined by the technology itself, but more often by social and political rules. Future technology
platforms, such as web-based or mobile commerce, should be expected to follow similar political logics. As multinational retailing
firms spread around the globe, this has important implications for national competition policy. 相似文献