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501.
This article investigates the factors that determine differences across OECD countries in health outcomes, using data on life
expectancy at age 65, over the period 1960 to 2007. We estimate a production function where life expectancy depends on health
and social spending, lifestyle variables, and medical innovation. Our first set of regressions include a set of observed medical
technologies by country. Our second set of regressions proxy technology using a spatial process. This article also tests whether
in the long-run countries tend to achieve similar levels of health outcomes. Our results show that health spending has a significant
and mild effect on health outcomes, even after controlling for medical innovation. However, its short-run adjustments do not
seem to have an impact on health care productivity. Spatial spill overs in life expectancy are significant and point to the
existence of interdependence across countries in technology adoption. Furthermore, nations with initial low levels of life
expectancy tend to catch up with those with longer-lived populations. 相似文献
502.
We develop a mainstream reformulation of the original Walras?? model of capital accumulation. We overcome the shortcomings of the original model. First, we prove the existence of intertemporal competitive equilibria. Our proof combines a well known theorem due to Yannelis and Prabhakar (J Math Econ 12:233?C245, 1983) with a lemma due to Geanakoplos (Econ Theory 21:585?C603, 2003). Secondly, we remedy the indeterminacy of allocation of savings across multiple types of capital goods by introducing a storage technology. Finally, we show that, for stored capital goods, the equality of rates of returns emerges endogenously in equilibrium, while it was imposed by Walras from the outset in his original contribution. 相似文献
503.
Leoncini Riccardo Marzucchi Alberto Montresor Sandro Rentocchini Francesco Rizzo Ugo 《Small Business Economics》2019,52(4):891-904
Small Business Economics - This paper investigates the relationship between green/non-green technologies and firm growth. By combining the literature on eco-innovations, industrial organisation and... 相似文献
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This study addresses how supervisors can facilitate the socialization of newcomers with high self-perceived creativity into their new jobs. We combine self-verification theory and current literature on socialization in a dual-stage moderated mediation model where a) newcomer self-perceived creativity interacts with supervisor trust in the newcomer to trigger supervisor perception of newcomer creativity; and b) supervisor perception of newcomer creativity, in turn, interacts with supervisor support for newcomer authentic self-expression to impact newcomer adjustment outcomes (i.e., task performance, job satisfaction, and stress symptoms). A two-wave, multisource study of 146 newcomer–supervisor dyads provides support for our predictions, suggesting that high levels of supervisor trust and support for authentic self-expression serve as moderating conditions allowing supervisor perception of newcomer creativity to positively mediate the relationship between newcomer self-perceived creativity and newcomer adjustment. 相似文献
506.
Having accurate company default prediction models is vital for both banks and enterprises, especially small enterprises (SEs). These firms represent a vital part in the economy of every country but are also typically more informationally opaque than large corporations. Therefore, these models should be precise but also easily adaptable to suit SE characteristics. Our study applies artificial neural networks (ANNs) to a sample of over 7,000 Italian SEs. Results show that (1) when compared with traditional methods, ANNs can make a better contribution to SE credit‐risk evaluation; and (2) when the model is separately calculated according to size, geographical area, and business sector, ANNs prediction accuracy is markedly higher for the smallest sized firms and for firms operating in Central Italy. 相似文献
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Employer Association Responses to the Effects of Bargaining Decentralization in Australia and Italy: Seeking Explanations from Organizational Theory
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The literature has neglected to analyse employer associations as organizations facing potential environmental threats to their financial sustainability. We examine associations' responses to collective bargaining decentralization, a major, contemporary threat. Using a qualitative, comparative case approach, we examine eight associations — four each in Australia and Italy — to develop a model of response types. Stronger decentralization effects increase associations' exposure to new and heightened competition, which in turn produces stronger association responses. These include prioritizing commercial over associational objectives. We analyse responses using strategic choice and resource dependence theories, finding that associations use both. However, the decision how to combine them reflects environmental conditions as well as choices linking organizational purpose and financial sustainability. 相似文献
510.
Interconnections Between Eurozone and US Booms and Busts Using a Bayesian Panel Markov‐Switching VAR Model
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Monica Billio Roberto Casarin Francesco Ravazzolo Herman K. Van Dijk 《Journal of Applied Econometrics》2016,31(7):1352-1370
The proposed panel Markov‐switching VAR model accommodates changes in low and high data frequencies and incorporates endogenous time‐varying transition matrices of country‐specific Markov chains, allowing for interconnections. An efficient multi‐move sampling algorithm draws time‐varying Markov‐switching chains. Using industrial production growth and credit spread data, several important data features are obtained. Three regimes appear, with slow growth becoming persistent in the eurozone. Turning point analysis indicates the USA leading the eurozone cycle. Amplification effects influence recession probabilities for Eurozone countries. A credit shock results in temporary negative industrial production growth in Germany, Spain and the USA. Core and peripheral countries exist in the eurozone. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献