代理发放工资账户功能创新的探讨

文章借鉴了美国商业银行账户管理的创新方式,提出了国内商业银行将代理发放工资账户设计为“工资理财账户”的设想,并对其可行性进行了分析。     

Determinants of stock market volatility and risk premia

Summary. We show the dynamics of diverse beliefs is the primary propagation mechanism of volatility in asset markets. Hence, we treat the characteristics of the market beliefs as a primary, primitive, explanation of market volatility. We study an economy with stock and riskless bond markets and formulate a financial equilibrium model with diverse and time varying beliefs. Agents states of belief play a key role in the market, requiring an endogenous expansion of the state space. To forecast prices agents must forecast market states of belief which are beliefs of others hence our equilibrium embodies the Keynes Beauty Contest. A market state of belief is a vector which uniquely identifies the distribution of conditional probabilities of agents. Restricting beliefs to satisfy the rationality principle of Rational Belief (see Kurz, 1994, 1997) our economy replicates well the empirical record of the (i) moments of the price/dividend ratio, risky stock return, riskless interest rate and the equity premium; (ii) Sharpe ratio and the correlation between risky returns and consumption growth; (iii) predictability of stock returns and price/dividend ratio as expressed by: (I) Variance Ratio statistic for long lags, (II) autocorrelation of these variables, and (III) mean reversion of the risky returns and the predictive power of the price/dividend ratio. Also, our model explains the presence of stochastic volatility in asset prices and returns. Two properties of beliefs drive market volatility: (i) rationalizable over confidence implying belief densities with fat tails, and (ii) rationalizable asymmetry in frequencies of bull or bear states.This research was supported by a grant of the Smith Richardson Foundation to the Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research (SIEPR). We thank Kenneth Judd for constant advice which was crucial at several points in the development of this work. We also thank Kenneth Arrow, Min Fan, Michael Magill, Carsten Nielsen, Manuel Santos, Nicholas Yannelis, Ho-Mou Wu and Woody Brock for comments on earlier drafts. The RBE model developed in this paper and the associated programs used to compute it are available to the public on Mordecai Kurzs web page at http://www.stanford.edu/ mordecai.This revised version was published online in January 2005 with corrections to the Cover date.     

数字化转型、农业资本深化与城乡居民收入差距 ——基于数字-农业-乡村人力资本间耦合关系视角

本文聚焦于数字-农业-乡村人力资本耦合协调关系视角,分析了数字化转型、农业资本深化对城乡居民收入差距的影响.研究结果表明:第一,农业资本深化是农业现代化的前提和主要特征,然而我国在推动农业资本深化时仅注重农业资本规模的提升而忽视了对当前农业要素禀赋和农产品市场供需状况进行分析,农业资本投入存在过度资本化和低效率配置的问...     

The price impact of foreign institutional herding on large-size stocks in the Taiwan stock market

This study constructs a panel threshold regression model to explore the price impact of foreign institutional herding of firms listed in the Taiwan Stock Exchange during January 2000 to June 2008. Our panel threshold model is constructed to explore the price impact of foreign institutional investors?? herding in the Taiwan stock market after controlling the firm size. By examining the presence of threshold effect, this study analyzes whether firm size would obviously and asymmetrically affect the explanation for the effect of changes in foreign investors?? share ownership on abnormal returns. The empirical results of this study find the significant evidence of threshold effect which divides the stocks into large-size and small-size firms. It is found that foreign institutional investors in the Taiwan stock market tend to hold large-size stocks listed in the Taiwan Stock Exchange. There is an apparent increase in the subsequent abnormal returns on large-size stocks bought in bulk by foreign investors. The signals of changes in share ownership initiated by foreign institutional investors would reveal further information for improving the performance of asset reallocation decisions in Taiwan. The panel threshold model constructed in this paper well describes the price impact of institutional herding yet eschews the possibly subjective data snooping issue resulting from the two-pass sorting method as proposed by previous related researches.     

Fair Value and Risk Profile for Presale Contracts of Condominiums

Developers usually presell new condominiums, requiring purchasers to make down payments on a contract that allows them to purchase, at a fixed price, the finished condominiums on a later date. This presale contract is akin to a financial call option sold by the builder to the purchaser of the condo. In this paper, we value the presale contract from both the purchaser’s and the developer’s points of view. We examine the influence of various opt-out clauses, different interest rates and other factors on the value of presale contracts. We discuss the extent of risk sharing between the purchasers and the developers according to varying levels of down payments. We conclude that developers enjoy a reduction in risk without a corresponding reduction in expected profits by holding a presale.     

透明度变化对股票市场投资者委托单提交行为和交易成本影响研究

基于2003年12月8日沪深交易所交易前市场透明度改革背景,本文利用一家营业部的投资者报价和交易数据,研究同一个机构投资者和散户投资者在透明度改革前后委托单提交激进程度的变化,以及这种变化对其完成交易的成本的影响。我们发现,透明度改革前后,机构投资者的委托单提交激进程度都显著大于散户投资者的委托单提交激进程度。透明度增加以后,机构投资者的委托单激进程度显著减少,而散户投资者的委托单提交激进程度增加。同时发现,透明度增加以后,机构投资者通过分拆委托单,增加交易次数,导致完成交易的时间增加,但价格影响力基本没有变化,散户投资者的成交时间和价格影响力有显著改善。     

利率平价理论在中国的实现形式

利率平价理论是最重要的汇率决定理论之一。但在我国,人民币汇率经常偏离利率平价所描述的均衡状态,而这种偏离程度可以用来衡量人民币所面临的升值或贬值压力。为此,本文基于利率平价理论构建了人民币升值压力指标P,并对人民币升值压力与人民币即期汇率、我国外汇储备变动之间的关系进行了实证研究。结果显示:人民币升值压力不能显著地解释人民币即期汇率的变动,但可以在一定程度上预测和解释我国外汇储备的变化。这表明,利率平价在我国不是以汇率自由浮动的形式表现,而是以外汇储备积累速度的变化来体现。同时,由于中外利差变动对我国外汇供应产生影响,表明我国资本账户已处于事实上的准开放状态。     

湖南水污染税的税制设计及征收效应的一般均衡分析

湖南省"两型社会"的深化建设、首批环境税的开征试点、湘江污染的重点治理等事件将湖南省水污染税改革推向了历史的舞台。借鉴国外水污染税开征经验,文章系统地设计了湖南省水污染税征收的基本框架,运用可计算一般均衡(CGE)模型模拟征收水污染税对宏观经济、产业结构、污染物减排等产生的影响。结果表明:开征水污染税宏观经济受损的长期影响要大于短期;对绝大部分行业都带来了不同程度的负面影响,其中短期合成材料制造业产出下降最大,而长期毛纺织和染整精加工业受损最大;然而征收水污染税减少重金属等污染物排放,氨氮、化学需氧量下降尤为显著。     

吉林省农民专业合作社现状、问题及发展对策

农民专业合作社是中国农村继家庭联产承包责任制后生产组织方式的又一次重大变革。近年来吉林省农民专业合作社获得了快速发展,在带动农户增收方面成效显著,但同时也存在发展资金短缺、人力资源匮乏、组织结构不稳定、管理体制不顺畅、内部管理不规范等问题。应从政策制定、资金扶持、人才培养、体制机制等方面采取相应的措施,促进吉林省农民专业合作社健康发展。     

美国债券定向发行制度研究及启示——兼论我国中小企业债券融资制度建设

最近,我国债券相关主管机关正积极研究债券定向发行制度。该制度的立法本源是通过构建适合具有自我保护能力的投资者的发行豁免或简化制度,提高融资效率,形成多层次的融资渠道。美国从发行、转售和清算结算及登记托管等环节对定向发行制度进行了全面系统的规范。而我国的债券定向发行制度规定过于简单,条块分割明显,实践效果差。本文建议借鉴美国相关制度,完善我国债券的定向发行制度。