全文获取类型
收费全文 | 19671篇 |
免费 | 459篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 3718篇 |
工业经济 | 1786篇 |
计划管理 | 3350篇 |
经济学 | 4369篇 |
综合类 | 239篇 |
运输经济 | 147篇 |
旅游经济 | 350篇 |
贸易经济 | 3271篇 |
农业经济 | 1004篇 |
经济概况 | 1870篇 |
信息产业经济 | 3篇 |
邮电经济 | 23篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 105篇 |
2021年 | 119篇 |
2020年 | 235篇 |
2019年 | 342篇 |
2018年 | 365篇 |
2017年 | 417篇 |
2016年 | 424篇 |
2015年 | 270篇 |
2014年 | 411篇 |
2013年 | 2237篇 |
2012年 | 550篇 |
2011年 | 700篇 |
2010年 | 544篇 |
2009年 | 627篇 |
2008年 | 585篇 |
2007年 | 568篇 |
2006年 | 556篇 |
2005年 | 483篇 |
2004年 | 452篇 |
2003年 | 474篇 |
2002年 | 505篇 |
2001年 | 448篇 |
2000年 | 442篇 |
1999年 | 412篇 |
1998年 | 425篇 |
1997年 | 404篇 |
1996年 | 384篇 |
1995年 | 318篇 |
1994年 | 292篇 |
1993年 | 340篇 |
1992年 | 325篇 |
1991年 | 319篇 |
1990年 | 295篇 |
1989年 | 230篇 |
1988年 | 220篇 |
1987年 | 209篇 |
1986年 | 241篇 |
1985年 | 359篇 |
1984年 | 333篇 |
1983年 | 284篇 |
1982年 | 263篇 |
1981年 | 270篇 |
1980年 | 264篇 |
1979年 | 267篇 |
1978年 | 224篇 |
1977年 | 169篇 |
1976年 | 180篇 |
1975年 | 137篇 |
1974年 | 154篇 |
1973年 | 117篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
John Martin 《实用企业财务杂志》2001,14(3):22-34
Leading financial economists and activist institutional investors have long argued that the proper alignment of manager and shareholder interests requires the use of performance based compensation. Partly in response to these pressures, and in combination with a change in the tax code that encourages performance-based pay, corporate boards have dramatically increased their use of stock grants and executive stock options. Combine this development with the longest bull market in U.S. financial history, and the result is unprecedented levels of CEO pay at the close of the 20th century. This review of executive compensation reveals that the economic theory of tournaments may provide a rationale for the pattern, if not the level, of executive pay. Specifically it finds that the total compensation of the five highestpaid executives in a cross-section of new and old-economy firms is very similar to the pattern of payouts to players in a golf tournament. The author also reports that recent studies show a significant increase in the pay-for-performance correlation throughout the 1990s. But whether that correlation is as high as it should be, and whether current levels of CEO pay are socially "optimal," are questions that remain unanswered. 相似文献
22.
Rudy K. Moenaert William E. Souder Arnoud De Meyer Dirk Deschoolmeester 《Journal of Product Innovation Management》1994,11(1):31-45
Rudy Moenaert, William Souder, Arnoud De Meyer, and Dirk Deschoolmeester report the results of their study of forty technologically innovative Belgian companies to examine the interaction between marketing and R&D. They studied one commercially successful and one commercially unsuccessful technological product innovation project in each participating company and collected data from one marketing and one R&D respondent per project. Communication flows between marketing and R&D are increased under conditions involving formalization of projects, decentralization, positive interfunctional climate, and role flexibility. 相似文献
23.
John Godard 《英国劳资关系杂志》1997,35(3):399-426
This paper addresses: (1) the extent to which changes appear to have occurred in managerial strategies and labour and employment relations in Canadian firms, and (2) the role of the state relative to anonymous economic forces in accounting for Canadian developments. The general findings are that, while there have been a number of significant changes, these have been more moderate than expected by 'transformation' theory; furthermore, the Canadian case is consistent with the argument that state actions play a major role relative to more anonymous economic 'forces' in accounting for developments in labour and employment relations. It also suggests an alternative model to that typically assumed by transformation theory, one in which state policies and economic conditions are considered to be important not only for their direct effects on employer policies, but also for their indirect effects, through their implications for worker expectations and union militancy. Although these conclusions are tentative and call for more systematic, comparative research, they are consistent with arguments by Burawoy and others that state actions can serve as an important source of labour regulation at the level of the firm. 相似文献
24.
This paper examines occupational performance in Australia across three racial groups in Australia: Indigenous Australians; Asian people, defined as all those whose language spoken at home was either Chinese, Vietnamese or other forms of a South-east or East Asian language; and white people, defined as the residual category. The paper has as its starting point, observed differences in occupational attainment among the three groups in Australia and sets out to account for these observed differences on the basis of both race and non-racial attributes such as, age, education and area of residence. 相似文献
25.
26.
External Sources of Innovative Capabilities: The Preferences for Strategic Alliances or Mergers and Acquisitions 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
This paper explores the preferences that companies have as they use alternative (quasi) external sources of innovative competencies such as strategic technology alliances, mergers and acquisitions, or a mix of these. These alternatives are studied in the context of distinct industrial, technological and international settings during the first half of the 1990s. Different strategies followed by companies and the role played by routinized sets of preferences are also taken into consideration. The analysis demonstrates that these options are influenced by both different environmental conditions and firm specific circumstances, such as those related to protecting core businesses. 相似文献
27.
Kenneth K. Yung 《Journal of Business Finance & Accounting》2002,29(1&2):55-75
In this paper, we examine the impact of managerial self-interest on the value of multinationality. Since agency theory also suggests that a divergence between the interests of managers and shareholders can be aligned by effective managerial incentive, we also examine the effect of managerial compensation on the value of multinationality. Our results show that for high- Q (Tobin's Q > 1 ) firms, investors do not associate the spending of free cash flow on multinationality with the problem of overinvestments. For high- Q firms, it is also found that the value of multinationality can be enhanced by effective managerial incentives. For low- Q firms (Tobin's Q < 1 ), it is found that the concern of managerial self-interest overwhelms the benefits of internalization, making multinationality a value-decreasing event. For low- Q firms, managerial compensation is also ineffective in promoting value-enhancing foreign direct investments. 相似文献
28.
John Stittle 《公共资金与管理》2002,22(1):49-54
Railtrack plc, floated in 1996, was the private sector owner of Britain's railway track, signals and stations. Its major source of revenue came from track access charges, which individual train operating companies (TOCs) paid for use of the infrastructure. Since many of these TOCs received substantial subsidies to assist in paying their track access charges, Railtrack was in effect being heavily subsidised. In October 2001, the Government decided that these arrangements were no longer viable and placed Railtrack into administration. This article explains how the level of indirect subsidies to Railtrack had become excessive, and raises crucial questions that need to be addressed in settling the future shape of the railway industry. 相似文献
29.
As agricultural products move from being economic commodities to quality–differentiated goods, price dispersion within specific markets increases and implicit subsidies from high quality producers to low quality producers are removed. The present paper examines how these distributional effects can influence patterns of support and opposition to changes in marketing arrangements. The simple model developed is calibrated using data from the USA slaughter cattle market. Estimates of the impact on prices of measuring quality more accurately are found to be similar in size to previous estimates of market power price suppression in the market. 相似文献
30.
Efficient Liability Rules: Complete Characterization 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Received May, 18, 2000; revised version received March, 19, 2001 相似文献