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191.
Frank B. Tipton 《Asia Pacific Journal of Management》2009,26(3):401-434
This paper examines the structures of capitalism in Southeast Asia. Following the lead of Gordon Redding and others, it argues
that parallel to varieties of capitalism elsewhere, there are distinctive features to the Southeast Asian business system,
but that institutions play a relatively large role compared to firm specific resources or industry structures. Historically,
with the exception of Thailand all the countries in the region are former colonies. All including Thailand share a distinctive
style of nationalism, and partly as a result of this, all are governed by states that claim to be strong and lay wide claims
but whose capacities are low. Typical features of the region, particularly the roles of large business groups and the Chinese
minority, also can be interpreted as a result of this history. One of the outcomes of the analysis is an extension of the
varieties of capitalism approach along the dimensions of state capacity and state direction, and of the approach to the internationalizing
firm along the dimensions of dynamic capacity and control of subsidiaries. A further outcome is a questioning of the traditional
picture of indigenous Southeast Asian business people as lacking in entrepreneurial skills, or more broadly of Southeast Asian
nations as lacking in entrepreneurial values. Rather, the past history of these countries has resulted in a set of structures
that militate against successful entrepreneurial activity.
Frank B. (Ben) Tipton (AB, Standford University and PhD, Harvard University) was educated at Stanford and Harvard, where he studied under economic historian David Landes and Nobel laureate economist Simon Kuznets. He holds a Personal Chair in the Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Sydney, where he has taught since 1979. For many years the Head of the Department of Economic History, in 2004 he became Chair of the newly created Discipline of International Business. His most recent books are A History of Modern Germany since 1815 (London and Berkeley: Continuum and University of California Press, 2003) and Asian Firms: History, Institutions, and Management (London: Edward Elgar, 2007). His research concentrates on the role of culture in international business and on the intersection of public and private structures of governance, particularly in East and Southeast Asia. 相似文献
Frank B. TiptonEmail: |
Frank B. (Ben) Tipton (AB, Standford University and PhD, Harvard University) was educated at Stanford and Harvard, where he studied under economic historian David Landes and Nobel laureate economist Simon Kuznets. He holds a Personal Chair in the Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Sydney, where he has taught since 1979. For many years the Head of the Department of Economic History, in 2004 he became Chair of the newly created Discipline of International Business. His most recent books are A History of Modern Germany since 1815 (London and Berkeley: Continuum and University of California Press, 2003) and Asian Firms: History, Institutions, and Management (London: Edward Elgar, 2007). His research concentrates on the role of culture in international business and on the intersection of public and private structures of governance, particularly in East and Southeast Asia. 相似文献
192.
Along with the oil price, concerns about the security of energy supply have soared once again in recent years. In this paper, we analyze Germany’s past und future energy security situation and compare it to that of other G7 countries using a statistical indicator of the long-term energy supply risk and empirical energy data for the years 1978 through 2007. We find that Germany’s energy supply risk has increased substantially since the oil price crises of the 1970s, whereas France and Japan have managed to reduce their risks dramatically, most notably through the deployment of nuclear power plants. Among G7 countries, Germany’s risk is only surpassed by that of Italy, while it can be expected that the German energy security situation may deteriorate in the future, not least due to the phase-out of nuclear power. 相似文献
193.
Onshore wind energy utilisation in Germany has developed very dynamically in the last decade. This has mainly been driven
by the renewable energy laws that systematically support the expansion of renewable energy in the electricity sector. In 2009
a revised law with increased feed-in tariffs for wind energy has come into force. Existing studies already predict a wide
range of development patterns under the Renewable Energy Sources Acts 2000 and 2004. This paper investigates the long term
impact of different feed-in tariffs implemented by the legislative authorities and it provides corresponding future development
patterns of onshore wind energy utilisation in Germany. The underlying System Dynamics model considers technical as well as
economic conditions and constraints. The approach and the model’s results are contrasted with other published predictions
qualitatively and quantitatively. This comparison shows that the model’s outcome lies in the range of predictions by existing
studies, but also shows some interesting differences.
Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung der Windenergienutzung in Deutschland wahrend der letzten Dekade verlief sehr dynamisch. MagBgeblich dafur war die systematische Forde-rung mittels der Erneuerbare Energien Gesetze (EEG) bzw. deren Vorlaufer. Vom Jahr 2009 an gilt ein uberarbeitetes Gesetz, welches u.a. erhohte Einspeisever-gutungen furWindenergie beinhaltet.Vorliegende Studien, die sich mit derzu-kunftigen Entwicklung auseinandersetzten, zeigen bereits deutlich unterschied-liche Szenarien fur die Entwicklung unter dem EEG 2000 und 2004. Diese Arbeit setzt sich mit den langfristigen Auswirkungen der verschiedenen vom Gesetz-geber festgelegten Einspeisetarife auseinander und stellt entsprechend unter-schiedliche Ausbauszenarien fur die deutsche Onshore Windenergienutzung dar. Das zugrunde liegende System Dynamics Modell berucksichtigt dabei sowohl technische als auch okonomische Parameter. Der Ansatz sowie die Ergebnisse werden anderen veroffentlichten Prognosen gegenubergestellt. Die Ergebnisse liegen innerhalb der Spannbreite der anderen berucksichtigten Studien, zei-gen jedoch auch interessante Unterschiede.相似文献
194.
This contribution analyses the development of power generation from geothermal energy in Germany. It considers research funding schemes, the support through the german Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) and the role of decisive actors as well as technical, economic and societal framework conditions. Compared to other renewable energy sources research funding for geothermal energy had played an inferior role in the past. After the potentials for geothermal power generation had been underlined by a study in 2003, geothermal power gained more political and institutional advocates. Subsequently it was equipped with a higher tariff in the EEG 2004 and led to realization of demonstration projects. Yet, the appliance of technologies for electrical power transformation, ORC and Kalina, are at the very beginning. Presently, the geothermal energy industry consists of a small amount of medium-sized businesses. Regional and nationwide energy providers, acting as operators and investors, do not exert much pressure in view of limited returns. Despite the compatibility with existing power supply systems, constraints to the expansion of geothermal energy use — above all exploration risks and high drilling costs- are likely to lead to a step-by step enhancement rather than a rush. 相似文献
195.
In this article we measure the effects of events on risk and return and analyze the persistence of the influencing variables
on German energy companies. Therefore, we refer to event-study methods by means of the Capital Asset Pricing Model, GARCH-Modeling
and Kalman filters. We find that the discussed events do not affect all companies in an equal manner. Moreover, we show that
the impact on risk and returns is not persistent and does not lead to an increase in the overall systematic risk for the considered
utility operators in Germany. 相似文献
196.
The Impact of an increasing share of RES-E on the Conventional Power Market — The Example of Germany
The intermittency of wind power has a decreasing effect on day-ahead spot prices. Data from Germany illustrate this effect
and explain the underlying relationships. This short-term price effect leads to an adaptation process in the conventional
generation capacity mix. In the long-run, a higher peak load plant share is required to cope with the increasing volatility
of the residual demand. The result is an adapted merit-order. This merit-order intersects with an increasingly volatile residual
demand curve and leads to a higher price volatility in the power market, which is going to trigger further adaptations. Therefore
this article concludes with a list of open research questions, which can be derived from the illustrated relationship. These
research questions should be investigated as soon as possible in order to induce the required adaptations in time. 相似文献
197.
Mark Andor 《能源经济杂志》2009,33(3):195-204
The setting of the individual X-factor is a core element of every incentive regulation system. The problem faced by the regulator is the choice among a wide variety of methods for setting the individual efficiency objectives. So far no single method could achieve acceptance as best-practice in both scientific research and regulatory practice. The German incentive regulation, which started in January 2009, uses the so called “Best-of-Four Method” to define individual X-factors. The regulator, the Bundesnetzagentur, announced an in-depth evaluation of this method, because it potentially leads to an unacceptable downward bias in setting the individual efficiency objectives. This article illustrates the problems of the Best-of-Four Method and offers alternatives. The author additionally develops a new approach which is based on a multi-stage process, using economical and engineering methods. Finally all alternatives are compared according to various criteria.It can be shown that the complementary usage of Data Envelopment Analysis and Stochastic Frontier Analysis is a reasonable approach to efficiency analysis. But this raises the question how to transform the resulting efficiency scores into individual X-factors. The Best-of-Four Approach is not appropriate because it distorts the X-factors, offers possibilities for strategic behaviour and cannot guarantee comparability of the efficiency objectives. Comparing alternatives shows that no approach clearly dominates all others taking into account all considered criteria. The multi-stage approach offers a possibility of transforming a “Nordic Walking” into an ambitious fitness program while also setting appropriate and comparable individual X-factors. 相似文献
198.
The scope of this article is to determine whether global stock markets behave differently under conditions of economic crisis by studying the interdependence among the price indices of 10 markets, including Dow Jones (DJ), DAX and NIKKEI. The stock markets under examination are those of the USA, Belgium, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, the United Kingdom and Japan. The sample includes the logarithmic daily closing prices from 1 January 2000 to 20 February 2009, with a total of approximately 2.385 observations analyzed. The empirical findings suggest that the recent deep crisis has increased dramatically their correlation, thus tightening the existing links. Causality also seems to be affected by the crisis, as DJ and DAX cease to exert a dominant influence on the other stock indices. However, in all the other periods, the findings of previous studies (suggesting that DJ and DAX seriously affect the other indices) were verified, independent of the prevailing bear or bull market conditions. 相似文献
199.
Concepción Varela-Neira Rodolfo Vázquez-Casielles Víctor Iglesias 《Journal of Financial Services Marketing》2010,15(1):32-48
The aim of this article is to explore the relationship between the type of service failure, age and the customer's negative emotions after a service failure; as well as the relationship between these emotions, the recovery strategies executed and service recovery satisfaction. The proposed model is tested on a sample of financial services customers who suffered some type of failure. The results indicate that the customer's age has a negative impact on the intensity of the negative emotions experienced after a service failure. In addition, the type of service failure (process or outcome) interacts with the age variable on its effect on these negative emotions. Finally, results also show that recovery strategies offset the negative effect of negative emotions on customer satisfaction and that a compensation strategy is more efficient if offered quickly. 相似文献
200.
Katja Hanewald 《保险科学杂志》2010,99(2):211-229
Using German data over the period 1956–2006, this study provides a comprehensive empirical analysis of factors driving aggregate
mortality rates over time. It differs from previous contributions in this field by simultaneously considering an extensive
set of macroeconomic, socioeconomic, and ecological factors as explanatory variables. Our regression analysis shows that sex-
and age-specific mortality rates vary substantially in their response to external factors. Strongest associations are found
with changes in real GDP, flu epidemics, and the two lifestyle variables—alcohol and cigarette consumption—in both univariate
and multivariate setups. Further analysis indicates that these effects are primarily contemporary, whereas other indicators,
such as weather conditions, exert lagged effects. We derive optimal multivariate models for every age group that provide a
good fit to the observed variation in annual mortality rates, and thereby confirm the relevance of the identified factors. 相似文献