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441.
Some researchers have argued that firms with favorable environmental performance are more likely to provide voluntary environmental
disclosure, while others have argued that firms with poor environmental performance are most likely to disclose. The authors
propose a curvilinear relation between environmental performance and environmental disclosure that is moderated by visibility.
Data were obtained from S&P 500 firms queried by Ceres’ Climate Disclosure Project. Results show a U-shaped environmental
performance–environmental disclosure relation and a main effect for visibility but no moderating effect for visibility on
the U-shaped environmental performance–environmental disclosure relation. The authors discussed the implications of these
results for future research and practice. 相似文献
442.
Plagiarism strikes at the heart of academe, eroding the fundamental value of academic research. Recent evidence suggests that
acts of plagiarism and awareness of these acts are on the rise in academia. To address this issue, a vein of research has
emerged in recent years exploring plagiarism as an area of academic inquiry. In this new academic subject, case studies and
analysis have been one of the most influential methodologies employed. Case studies provide a venue where acts of plagiarism
can be discussed and analyzed in a constructive manner, and that is the primary purpose of this article. Unlike previous studies,
however, we focus on the role of the publisher, a key player in dealing with acts of plagiarism, but one who has received
little attention in the academic literature. Specifically, we examine how an academic publisher addressed allegations of plagiarism
and how the publisher’s decision-making affected the outcome. We analyze the case by applying the guidelines from different
frameworks and ethical theory and develop recommendations from the lessons evidenced, the second main objective of our article.
This analysis advances the dialog on academic plagiarism by exploring the role of the publisher from a deontological perspective
of ethical absolutism. 相似文献
443.
The study of welfare participation in the United States prior to the 1996 Welfare Reform Act and afterward has primarily focused
on comparing native and immigrant households. Analyses that have gone beyond this broad classification have focused on comparisons
across race, with particular focus on Hispanic immigrants. This paper moves away from the existing literature by investigating
whether there is a difference in welfare usage among immigrant based on their birthplace. Using a probit model, we investigate
this potential difference by testing two related hypotheses. Our results suggest that the probability of welfare usage for
immigrants with similar characteristic, differ for some immigrant groups. We also find that for some immigrant groups, citizen
and noncitizens differ with respect to welfare usage. 相似文献
444.
Emad Abdel Rahim Dahiyat 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2011,34(4):423-436
It has become increasingly certain that the success of e-commerce in any country depends mainly on the predictability and
suitability of the legal framework and whether such framework copes sensibly with the needs of online consumers. For e-commerce
to reach its full potential, consumers must have effective protection when shopping online, and their primary rights must
be adequately protected. This paper thus explores the way in which the Electronic Transactions Law deals with such rights
and determine whether or not this law gives due attention to consumer protection in an online environment. Furthermore, this
paper encourages debate of what such law should be in order to enhance legal certainty as well as increase trust in e-commerce
in Jordan. This paper, however, is not intended to provide the final answer to all questions and challenges in this regard,
but to identify the main components, and provide perspectives on how to deal with such issue. 相似文献
445.
In this article, we provide a comparative account of the evolution of private saving in India and Malaysia, and analyze how
policy changes in the financial sector and pension system help explain differences in their saving performance. Using the
Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds estimation procedure, we find a fairly robust long-run relationship between private
saving and its determinants in both countries. Consistent with the predictions made in the life cycle model, our results indicate
that higher income growth stimulates private saving and an increase in age dependency retards private saving. The results
provide some support for the hypothesis that financial liberalization results in lower private saving in both countries. The
evidence also indicates that expected pension benefits tend to stimulate private saving in India, but that the reverse is
found in Malaysia. 相似文献
446.
Rupert Gatti Timo Goeschl Ben Groom Timothy Swanson 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2011,48(4):609-628
We employ cooperative bargaining theory and Nash’s ‘rational threats’ idea to cast light on the biodiversity bargaining problem. The problem of global environmental negotiations is argued to be of the nature of a bargaining problem, in which bargainers
must agree on the distribution of cooperative surplus in order to move to the bargaining frontier. We discuss the importance
of both efficiency (bargaining frontier) and fairness (recognition of characteristics of bargainers) in the choice of the
appropriate contract. We show that the incremental cost contract, used to resolve the biodiversity bargaining problem, is
of the form of an extreme point contract that fails to recognise the contributions of the South to the production of cooperative
surplus. A rational response to such a contract is the use of threats of biodiversity destruction. Contracts must evince both
efficiency and fairness in order to represent lasting solutions. 相似文献
447.
Overreaction to Fearsome Risks 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
When risks threaten, cognitive mechanisms bias people toward action or inaction. Fearsome risks are highly available. The
availability bias tells us that this leads people to overestimate their frequency. Therefore, they also overreact to curtail
the likelihood or consequences of such risks. More generally, fear can paralyze efforts to think clearly about risks. We draw
on a range of environmental risks to show the following: (1) Fear leads us to neglect probability of occurrence; (2) As fearsome
environmental risks are usually imposed by others (as externalities), indignation stirs excess reaction; (3) We often misperceive
or miscalculate such risks. Two experiments demonstrate probability neglect when fearsome risks arise: (a) willingness-to-pay
to eliminate the cancer risk from arsenic in water (described in vivid terms) did not vary despite a 10-fold variation in
risk; (b) the willingness-to-accept price for a painful but non dangerous electric shock did not vary between a 1 and 100%
chance. Possible explanations relate to the role of the amygdala in impairing cognitive brain function. Government and the
law, both made by mortals and both responding to public pressures, similarly neglect probabilities for fearsome risks. Examples
relating to shark attacks, Love Canal, alar and terrorism are discussed. 相似文献
448.
This article assesses the interaction between inflation and inflation uncertainty in a dynamic framework for Turkey by using
monthly data for the time period 1984–2009. The bulk of previous studies investigating the link between inflation and inflation
uncertainty employ Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH)-type models, which consider inflation uncertainty
as a predetermined function of innovations to inflation specification. The stochastic volatility in mean (SVM) models that
we use allow for gathering innovations to inflation uncertainty and assess the effect of inflation volatility shocks on inflation
over time. When we assess the interaction between inflation and its volatility, the empirical findings indicate that response
of inflation to inflation volatility is positive and statistically significant. However, the response of inflation volatility
to inflation is negative but not statistically significant. 相似文献
449.
Charles J. Whalen 《Forum for Social Economics》2011,40(2):273-280
This essay is based on remarks presented by the author at The Fourth Bi-Annual Cross-Border Post Keynesian Conference, Buffalo
State College, on October 9, 2009. It addresses the economic challenges facing Buffalo, New York, and countless other American
cities, especially in the Northeast and Midwest; draws on the writings of Hyman Minsky to offer an interpretation of what
many now call the Great Recession, which began in late 2007; and challenges the image of Minsky presented by mainstream economists
and journalists, with special attention to a recent lecture by Paul Krugman. The essay closes by returning to Buffalo, where—as
Minsky anticipated in the 1990s—the economic fate of working families depends largely on the outcome of a national struggle
over the shape of future U.S. economic transformation. 相似文献
450.
This article evaluates various models’ predictive power for U.S. inflation rate using a simulated out-of-sample forecasting
framework. The starting point is the traditional unemployment Phillips curve. We show that a factor Phillips curve model is
superior to the traditional Phillips curve, and its performance is comparable to other factor models. We find that a factor
AR model is superior to the factor Phillips curve model, and is the best bivariate or factor model at longer horizons. Finally,
we investigate a New Keynesian Phillips curve model, and find that its forecasting performance dominates all other models
at the longer horizons. 相似文献