社会创新的涵义与实践——"社会创新与建设创新型国家"国际研讨会综述(一)

2006年10月16-17日,中央编译局比较政治与经济研究中心联合英国文化协会、英国杨氏基金会在北京举办了“社会创新与建设创新型国家”国际研讨会。会议围绕“对社会新概念的认识”、“重要领域的社会创新”、“各部门对社会创新的作用”与“未来10年社会的优先发展项目”等议题进行了深入探讨,达成了广泛共识。以下两篇文章是关于本次会议主要议题的综述。[编者按]     

通过教育捍卫民主——美国中小学公民教育的国家标准

在公民教育中,最重要的部分,是厘定清楚政府的权威和责任,厘定清楚公民的权利和责任。这里重要的是,使公民知道政府的权威何在,政府的责任何在,政府权力又应该止步在什么地方;同时,也使公民清楚地了解,为什么要尊重政府的权威,以及如何维护自己的公民权利。     

Employee well-being attribution and job change intentions: The moderating effect of task idiosyncratic deals

We developed and tested a research model in which employee well-being human resource (HR) attribution differentially influences the intention to change jobs across organizations (i.e., external job change intention) versus that within the same organization (i.e., internal job change intention). Furthermore, we posited that task idiosyncratic deals (I-deals) moderated the relationships between employee well-being HR attribution and external and internal job change intentions. Results indicated that employee well-being HR attribution was negatively related to external job change intention, but positively related to internal job change intention. Further, task I-deals significantly moderated the relationships between employee well-being HR attribution and external and internal job change intention. Specifically, employee well-being HR attribution played a less important role in reducing external job change intention when task I-deals were high rather than low. On the other hand, high task I-deals significantly strengthened the positive relationship between employee well-being HR attribution and internal job change intention. Our study extends the careers literature by differentiating the impact of employee well-being HR attribution on job change intentions within an organization compared with that across organizations and the important role of supervisors in enhancing or mitigating these effects.     

A coordination mechanism through value-added profit distribution in a supply chain considering corporate social responsibility

The consumers pay more and more attention to corporate social responsibility (CSR), which has been a new competitiveness for the enterprises. This paper constructs a supply chain consisting of a dominated retailer, a socially responsible supplier and a non-socially responsible supplier (compared with the socially responsible supplier), consider the consumer preference and exploit the game analysis technique to analyze the optimal decisions under the decentralized and concentrated decision, and then design a coordination mechanism based on value-added profit distribution. The results show that compared with the decentralized decision, the retail price and order quantity of two products are lower, the CSR effort degree of socially responsible supplier is higher, and the performance of the whole supply chain is better under the concentrated decision. In addition, the mechanism designed can induce the socially responsible supplier to undertake CSR without damaging its profit, prompt the supply chain members to make the concentrated decisions, and promote the competitiveness of the retailer-dominated supply chain.     

Supply chain finance: A three-party decision model with suppliers' guarantees for retailers

Under the premise that financing constraints frequently occur in the supply chain, this paper investigates the financing model of the supplier providing guarantee for the retailer under symmetric and asymmetric information. The optimal solutions of the retailer, the supplier, and the bank are studied by using the Stackelberg game. Results show that increasing the supplier's guarantee proportion can effectively improve the bank's reasonable margin rate and increase the supplier's profit. Under the condition of asymmetric information, the bank can increase the probability of credit loan in the supply chain by reducing the cost of spot check and setting up a reasonable fine limit.     

产品组合创新十法

作为一个企业，要想在市场上立于不败之地，就必须不断创新，开发新产品。围绕产品创新，有许多办法，但组合创新是一种较为实用、快捷，并被大多数企业经常采用的方法，它在新产品的开发中占有非常重要的位置。所谓组合创新法，就是将关联程度相近或较远的产品或概念采取巧妙的形式组合在一起，再创造出一个能引起消费者购买、选择欲望的新产品。     

当代生产管理领域之学术成果回顾——由精敏到延迟战略

自从工业革命以来，生产典范历经一连串的移转过程，由大量生产逐步发展出大量客制化、精实生产、敏捷及最新的精敏等概念。这些概念中，又以20世纪末才出现的敏捷与精敏较少为人所知。本研究试图将敏捷与精敏的学术成果作较完整的回顾，以找出关于这两个概念的问题中，什么论点已经被回答，以及还有什么论点有待进一步的探索。此外，由于许多学者都指出，企业如果要达到敏捷与精敏，须通过延迟战略才能实现。因此本研究也试图回顾有关评估延迟战略之效益的研究，以对未来的研究发展提供方向。     

多媒体技术在英美文学教学中的运用

以建构主义学习理论和读者反应批评论为理论基础,多媒体辅助英美文学教学应遵循学习者中心原则、交互性原则、科学性原则、基本性原则、有针对性地选择媒体形式,开展多样化的课堂教学活动,提高课堂教学实效。     

论银行承兑汇票业务的经营和管理

该文通过对嘉兴市银行承兑汇票业务开展现状的调查,剖析了当前银行承兑汇票在经营和管理中存在的突出问题及成因,并提出了完善和改进银行承兑汇票管理的对策.     

为都市儿童留出玩乐空间

近来，中心城市儿童在公共空间受到伤亡的报道越来越多。据北京的一次调查表明，“坠楼”是儿童受伤的主要原因，数量甚至多于交通事故。其原由是学校、公园、住宅小区关闭了玩乐场所，交通和停车把儿童从原本属于他们的玩乐空间挤压出去。