International Management of North-Sea Herring

North-Sea herring is a transboundary resource,shared by the EU and Norway. The purpose ofthis paper is to investigate how the harvestsor total allowable catch quotas (TACs) for thisspecies should be divided between these twojurisdictions so that both parties aresatisfied. We apply a discrete-timegame-theoretic model in which we show that theEU should be allocated more than half of theTAC even if the EU has higher harvesting costs.This result is due to the distribution patternof the herring, with a larger share of herringlocated in the EU zone. However, we find thataccording to the Nash bargaining solution, thecurrent sharing allocates too large a share tothe EU.     

DYNAMIC TRADING VOLUME

We derive the process followed by trading volume, in a market with finite depth and constant investment opportunities, where a large investor, with a long horizon and constant relative risk aversion, trades a safe and a risky asset. Trading volume approximately follows a Gaussian, mean‐reverting diffusion, and increases with depth, volatility, and risk aversion. Unlike the frictionless theory, finite depth excludes leverage and short sales because such positions may not be solvent even with continuous trading.     

Technological opportunism effects on IT adoption,intra-firm diffusion and performance: Evidence from the U.S. and Spain

The paper pursues a joint analysis of the direct influence of the level of a firm's technology opportunism capability on performance and on the adoption and intra-firm diffusion of Internet-based technologies. The study here examines the mediating effect that intra-firm diffusion exerts on the relationship between capabilities and performance. This study uses the results from a survey of 100 Spanish and 109 American franchise firms. Results indicate that the firm's level technological opportunism influences the adoption and intra-firm diffusion of technology and also has a positive impact on performance. While intra-firm diffusion is a driver of performance, adoption has no influence. Finally the indirect impact of technological opportunism on performance differs across countries. While for American firms, the integration of technologies into activities that related to communication with partners has a positive impact on performance; Spanish managers should focus on the integration of these technologies into back-end functionalities.     

Combining the technological innovation systems framework with the entrepreneurs’ perspective on innovation

For their technological sustainability innovations to become successful, entrepreneurs can strategically shape the technological field in which they are involved. The technological innovation systems (TISs) literature has generated valuable insights into the processes which need to be stimulated for the successful development and implementation of innovative sustainability technologies. To explore the applicability of the TIS framework from the perspective of entrepreneurs, we conducted a case study in the Dutch smart grids sector. We found that the TIS framework generally matches the perspectives of entrepreneurs. For its use by entrepreneurs, we suggest a slight adaptation of this framework. The process ‘Market formation’ needs to be divided into processes that are driven by the government and processes that are driven by entrepreneurs. There should be a greater emphasis on collaborative marketing, on changing user behaviour and preferences and on the development of fair and feasible business models.     

Guidelines for choosing between multi-item and single-item scales for construct measurement: a predictive validity perspective

Establishing predictive validity of measures is a major concern in marketing research. This paper investigates the conditions favoring the use of single items versus multi-item scales in terms of predictive validity. A series of complementary studies reveals that the predictive validity of single items varies considerably across different (concrete) constructs and stimuli objects. In an attempt to explain the observed instability, a comprehensive simulation study is conducted aimed at identifying the influence of different factors on the predictive validity of single versus multi-item measures. These include the average inter-item correlations in the predictor and criterion constructs, the number of items measuring these constructs, as well as the correlation patterns of multiple and single items between the predictor and criterion constructs. The simulation results show that, under most conditions typically encountered in practical applications, multi-item scales clearly outperform single items in terms of predictive validity. Only under very specific conditions do single items perform equally well as multi-item scales. Therefore, the use of single-item measures in empirical research should be approached with caution, and the use of such measures should be limited to special circumstances.     

Utilizing financial market information in forecasting real growth,inflation and real exchange rate

In this paper we build an open economy extension of the Gordon (1962) valuation model that suggests a simple forecasting system for three macroeconomic variables; the real growth, inflation and real exchange rate. All the forecasting equations in our system utilize current financial market information in the form of dividend yields and short-term interest rate. Our empirical results indicate that these simple forms of financial market information are relevant for forecasting the time-varying underlying trends in the macroeconomic data for the U.K., Eurozone and Japan, when treating the U.S. as the world market.     

Influence of community design on user behaviors in online communities

While the question of how community design influences user behavior in online communities has recently attracted considerable research, few studies have empirically evaluated the influencing factors of specific user behavior. Building on a conceptual framework of identity-based vs. bond-based attachment in online communities, this study evaluates the influence of several antecedents on user attachment as well as attachment's mediating role for explaining consumer behavior. Results of a survey reveal that network effects, intergroup comparison, and social categorization have a positive and significant effect on common identity attachment, whereas this is not the case with in-group interdependence. Conversely, collectivism, interpersonal similarity, and social interaction drive common bond attachment, while personal information has no effect. Most importantly, the results show that common identity attachment is the primary driver of user behavior in online communities.     

Die Prognose von Serviceintervallen mit?der?Hazard-Raten-Analyse – Ergebnisse einer empirischen Studie im Automobilmarkt

Mit dem After Sales-Gesch?ft generieren die deutschen Automobilbauer etwa die H?lfte ihrer Gewinne. Gerade vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklungen, wovon insbesondere das Neuwagengesch?ft betroffen ist, erscheinen Anstrengungen zur Optimierung der kundenindividuellen Ansprache im Service-, Teile- und Wartungsgesch?ft aussichtsreich zu sein. Als Voraussetzung dafür kann das Wissen über die kundenindividuellen Serviceintervalle als entscheidender Wettbewerbsvorteil gesehen werden, denn nur hiermit lassen sich Kunden auch zielgerichtet ansprechen und potenzielle Abwanderungen vermeiden. Genau an diesem Punkt knüpft dieser Beitrag an, indem mit der Hazard-Raten-Analyse ein wissenschaftlich fundiertes und praktikables Verfahren zur Prognose kundenindividueller Serviceintervalle illustriert wird. Da dieses im betriebswirtschaftlichen Kontext ohnehin sehr junge Analyseverfahren bislang überwiegend im FMCG (Fast Moving Consumer Goods)-Bereich auf Scannerdaten zum Einsatz kam, kann dieser Beitrag als Leitfaden für eine Erweiterung im Bereich langlebiger Konsum- und Investitionsgüter gesehen werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der Anteil korrekt gesch?tzter Serviceintervalle die einfache lineare Fortschreibung, die bis dato das Standardverfahren zur Prognose von Serviceintervallen darstellt, um über 20% übertrifft bzw. die Prognosegenauigkeit von ±73 Tagen auf ±38 Tage gesteigert werden kann. Das Erfolgspotenzial einer kundenindividuellen Direktansprache l?sst sich mit dieser substanziellen Verbesserung der zugrunde liegenden Informationsbasis erheblich steigern. Aus der Verbesserung der Prognosegenauigkeit auf kundenindividueller Ebene (Mikroebene) resultiert schlie?lich auch auf der Makroebene (Unternehmensplanung- und steuerung) eine erh?hte Planungssicherheit.     

The moderating influence of HR operational autonomy on the entrepreneurial orientation–performance link in franchise systems

This study investigates the concept of HR Operational Autonomy, i.e., the freedom a franchisor offers to franchisees throughout the system with regards to their creation of HR practices. It is shown to have a significant positive moderating effect on the EO-performance link among UK franchise systems, explaining over 20 % of the variance in performance outcomes. Implications and future research directions are discussed.