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991.
Summary This is the first paper that looks at regional tax competition within one single country. In many countries in Europe, regions
within a country differ substantially in their economic development and attractiveness to firms. Belgium is a typical example
of a country where the economic situation of its three regions is very different. Our findings are indicative of regional
tax competition, with a lower Effective Tax Rate (ETR) in the peripheral region of Wallonia than in Flanders. In addition
to location variables, our empirical model explaining firm level heterogeneity in ETRs includes firm characteristics, sector
membership and variables capturing statutory tax breaks.
We thank the Research Council of the Catholic University of Leuven for funding this research. A special thanks goes to Jozef
Konings, Willem Buijink, Laurence van Lent, Wim Moesen, Christophe Croux and Frans Vanistendael, for providing useful feedback
on this project. We also thank participants of a LICOS-K.U.Leuven seminar and a doctoral workshop at the Universities of Maastricht
and Antwerp for useful comments. 相似文献
992.
Summary This paper explores the future of corporate income taxation, with special reference to the Netherlands. We review the empirical
literature on a variety of distortions and arbitrage opportunities and pay due attention to effect sizes. An attempt is made
to compare the size of various distortions in terms of the ex-post revenue impact of a corporate tax reduction. Thus, we learn
which distortions impose the most serious threat to government revenue. This integrative approach allows us to understand
recent developments in corporate tax regimes in the EU.
Erasmus University Rotterdam, CPB, CESifo and Tinbergen Institute. Corresponding address: P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam,
e-mail: demooij@few.eur.nl. I thank Leon Bettendorf, Joeri I thank Leon Bettendorf, Joeri Gorter and Gerbert Romijn for their
support and discussion in constructing Table 3 and Sijbren Cnossen and two anonymous referees for useful comments. 相似文献
993.
994.
Corporate Effective Tax Rates in the Netherlands 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary This paper investigates the actual size of tax incentives granted to Dutch companies by using financial statement data for 1592 companies for the 1994--1999 period. Empirical results indicate that Dutch effective tax rates do not differ much from statutory tax rates. Although capital intensity is negatively associated with effective tax rates, only a small portion of the variance in effective tax rates can be explained. This indicates that the actual size of tax incentives granted to companies in the Netherlands is quite small.Comments by the editor, two anonymous reviewers, Willem Buijink, Yvonne Schols and participants at the annual European Accounting Association congress are
gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
995.
We use a Vector Auto Regression (VAR) analysis to explore the (trade spill-over) effects of fiscal policy shocks in Europe. To enhance comparability with the existing literature, we first analyse the effects of these shocks at the national level. Here, we employ identification based on Choleski decomposition and a structural VAR, both of which lead to the same results. Then, we turn to study the cross-border spill-overs of fiscal shocks via the trade channel. Fiscal expansions in Germany, France and Italy lead to significant increases in imports from a number of European countries. In order to mimic the case of monetary union, we also shut off the effects via the short-term interest rate and the nominal exchange rate and find a slight strengthening on average of the cross-country spill-overs from a fiscal expansion. These results suggest that it may be worthwhile to further investigate the possibility of enhanced fiscal coordination.*** This research is part of the RTN project ‘Macroeconomic Policy Design for Monetary Unions’, funded by the European Commission (contract number HPRN-CT-2002-00237). We thank two anonymous referees, a referee for the ECB Working Paper series, Peter Claeys, David-Jan Jansen, Franc Klaassen, Roberto Perotti and audiences at the Dutch Central Bank and the CEPR/CREI Conference ‘Designing a Macroeconomic Policy Framework for Europe’ (Barcelona, 2004) for many helpful comments. A large part of this paper was written while Beetsma was visiting the Directorate-General for Research of the ECB. He thanks the ECB for the stimulating research environment. The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not commit any of.cial institution. The usual disclaimer applies. 相似文献
996.
Explorations in long-term projections for the Norwegian economy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
997.
César?Calderón Roberto?Duncan Klaus?Schmidt-HebbelEmail author 《Review of World Economics》2004,140(4):613-633
Optimal stabilization policy is countercyclical, aiming at keeping output close to its potential. However it has been traditionally
argued that emerging countries are unable to adopt countercyclical monetary and fiscal policies. Here we argue that the cyclical
properties of macroeconomic policies depend critically on policy credibility. We test this proposition by making use of recent
panel data for eleven emerging market economies and time series data for Chile. The evidence supports that countries with
higher credibility, as reflected by lower country risk levels, are able to conduct countercyclical fiscal and monetary policies.
Conversely, countries with less credible policies (and, therefore, with higher country risk spreads) contribute to larger
cyclical fluctuations by applying procyclical policies. For Chile we find that both monetary and fiscal policies have been
largely countercyclical after 1993. JEL no. E43, E52, E62 相似文献
998.
In this paper we estimate the demand for exports and imports of manufactured goods for a panel containing the majority of
the EU countries as well as the United States and Japan. The model includes as explanatory factors both the traditional determinants
of trade and also the stock of foreign direct investment (FDI). We apply panel unit root and cointegration tests allowing
for heterogeneity. Whereas there is no evidence of cointegration when using just the traditional formulation, the results
are favorable to the existence of long-run relationships linking the variables of the augmented model. Moreover, the results
point mainly to a complementary relationship between trade and FDI. 相似文献
999.
During the initial phase of transformation to a market economy many of the Eastern European and Baltic countries experienced
an initial decline of output. This paper explains, both theoretically and empirically, why they experienced negative growth
initially, and how some of them started to get over and recorded positive growth recently. As a vehicle to transfer technology
and managerial skills to the transition economies, as well as to increase capital work, foreign direct investment (FDI) is
regarded important. Production function with a low elasticity of substitution between two inputs is employed to capture the
dynamic short-run movement of these economies. Cross-sectional and panel data, are utilized to analyze the short-run dynamic
movement of equilibrium paths of transformation to a market economy. The findings confirm that total factor productivity and
GDP in the region grew together with the inflow of FDI, and the marginal contribution of FDI to growth is greater than that
of domestic investment. JEL no. O50, P39, F21
This project is financially supproted by the ARC Small Grant, Department Research Grant, Department of Economics, UWA and
Division Research Grant, Commerce, Division, Lincoln University. 相似文献
1000.
Hannah?NielsenEmail author Giuseppe?Tullio Jürgen?Wolters 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2004,1(1):73-85
A money demand function for M2 is estimated for Italy for the period 1972–1998 within an error correction framework. This period has been characterized by major structural changes in the Italian financial system and by major changes in monetary policy. This study takes these changes into account. Moreover, currency substitution, especially between Italy and Germany is incorporated into the model. By accounting for structural breaks and currency substitution a stable money demand function can be found.Financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, SFB 373, is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Uwe Hassler, Goethe Universität, Frankfurt, and Carsten Trenkler, SFB 373, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, for helpful comments. An earlier version has been presented at the ESEM 2001, Lausanne. 相似文献