会计—税收差异能够影响审计收费吗?——基于盈余管理与税收规避的视角

会计—税收差异是一个蕴含丰富信息的财务指标,在一定程度上体现了企业盈余管理和税收规避风险。以2010—2012年度中国A股非金融类上市公司为研究样本进行研究发现,审计费用与会计—税收差异呈正相关关系;进一步研究发现,审计费用与小额会计—税收差异的关系变得不显著,审计费用与大额会计—税收差异仍呈显著的正相关关系;同时,大额正向与大额负向会计—税收差异均表现出更高的审计风险,这说明审计师在制定收费政策时考虑了会计—税收差异信息。最后,为了解释这种相关性产生的原因,发现相对于企业税收规避,审计师更加关注会计—税收差异包含的盈余管理信息。     

A SHOCK ABSORPTION INDEX FOR INOPERABILITY INPUT–OUTPUT MODELS

Recent disasters have underscored the importance of enhancing resilience in economic systems. In this work, we propose a novel shock absorption index, which provides a measure of the ability of an economic system to tolerate disruptions. It is assumed that there are externally defined initial levels of system failure or disruption, as well as maximum allowable levels of inoperability for each sector. The shock absorption index is defined as the largest fraction of the anticipated initial disruption that can be absorbed by the predefined robustness limits. It provides an overall measure of the robustness of an economic system towards a disruptive event, which is driven by both the economic structure and the individual robustness of different sectors. The results of two case studies illustrate policy-making insights in identifying and prioritizing risk management strategies for critical systems.     

基于Tobit模型的农户信用分析——来自CFPS的证据

农户二维信用包括守信意愿和守信能力。基于2011年北京大学公布的中国家庭追踪调查的微观数据,从农户借贷额度视角考察中国农户信用及其影响因素,并采用Tobit模型来研究正规金融机构、亲戚朋友以及民间借贷组织对农户信用评价之间的异质性差异。实证结果表明,从事农业生产的农户比从事非农业生产的农户守信意愿强。家庭财富是农户经营成果的表现,正向影响农户的守信能力。家庭人口特征中的不同因素对农户信用能力也有正负不同的影响。另外,品行和家庭收入对农户信用的影响在正规金融机构中较显著,而教育程度对其信用的影响在亲戚朋友中较显著。     

Effect of Concession‐Timing Strategies in Auditor–Client Negotiations: It Matters Who Is Using Them

In this study, we examine how norms about the use of negotiation strategies by different parties in an auditor–client negotiation influence the relative efficacies of these negotiation strategies. We conduct an experiment with experienced auditors/financial managers as participants, who enter into a negotiation on an income‐decreasing audit adjustment with a hypothetical client/auditor who uses a strategy where the same concessions are given either at the start, gradually, or the end of the negotiation. We find that the concession‐end strategy is more effective than the concession‐start strategy when used by auditors; however, the reverse is true when these same strategies are used by financial managers. The concession‐gradual strategy leads to superior outcomes when used by either auditors or clients. We also provide evidence that auditors’ and financial managers’ perceptions of the norms relating to the use of these strategies correspond to what we propose in our theory.     

基于“三条链”的无人机产业军民融合发展途径与策略

军民融合是国家重大发展战略,现有文献主要关注军民融合过程中的具体问题,缺乏综合性分析。基于产业生态系统“三条链”视角,以无人机产业为例,通过构建无人机产业生态系统的“三条链”,深入探讨无人机产业军民融合发展途径和策略。研究发现,从创新链角度构建军民融合研发创新平台、从产业链角度生产军民两用无人机、从价值链角度在研发环节成立技术联盟、在销售环节合力扩大彼此销售范围是无人机产业军民融合发展的有效途径和策略,该结论同样对其它产业军民融合发展具有指导作用。     

Wage–vacancy contracts and multiplicity of equilibria in a directed search model of the labour market

This paper studies a directed search model of the labour market, which is standard in all aspects except two. First, we allow firms to post wage–vacancy contracts advertising the number of workers they would pay as well as the payment all will receive. Second, we consider two cases: one where workers are risk neutral and one where workers are risk averse, both in finite and large economies. Our paper shows that when firms post wage–vacancy contracts, whether workers are modelled as risk neutral or risk averse matters: the types of symmetric equilibria and the nature of multiplicity of equilibria are different. Somewhat surprisingly, when there are finite numbers of risk‐neutral workers and firms, we obtain a finite number of symmetric equilibria, but when workers are risk averse, we obtain a continuum of equilibria. Furthermore, our paper sounds a cautionary note on using large economies as an approximation of finite economies: when workers are risk neutral, the nature of equilibrium is preserved going from a finite to a large economy, but the nature of equilibrium is different when workers are risk averse.     

Do board interlocks motivate voluntary disclosure? Evidence from Taiwan

Conference calls have become a widely used medium for voluntary corporate disclosure, especially among firms associated with greater information asymmetry, intangible assets, and external competition. These features are common in high-tech sectors, which dominate the Taiwanese economy and render it a useful research setting for investigating whether board interlock, as a social network, affects corporate decisions to hold conference calls. We show that firms connected to conference-call-making firms through interlocked directors are more likely to hold conference calls and the frequency of holding conference calls increases with interlocking directors’ relevant experience. Moreover, such evidence is more pronounced if the connections are held through independent directors and among firms with greater information asymmetry. These results support the argument that the spread of corporate practices is positively associated with board interlock networks. Our findings have implications for the choice of board of director members, and can be generalized to other emerging economies characterized by weaker corporate information environments.     

加入合作社提高了农户的收入水平吗——基于云南省微观调查数据的实证分析

目的/意义本文基于云南省哲学社科规划专题项目新时代基于农民合作社的精准扶贫研究的实地调研数据,检验加入合作社对于农户收入水平影响的边际效应。方法/过程我们以被调查农户的受教育水平和家庭类别作为工具变量,考察加入合作社可能具有的内生性而导致的估计结果误差。结果/结论研究发现,加入合作社显著提高了农户的收入水平,在加入各项控制变量及其他因素后仍然显著。此外,我们还通过分位数回归研究发现,加入合作社对不同收入农户的影响呈线性递减的影响,即对低收入农户影响程度最大,而对中高收入农户的影响越来越小,且低收入农户受益程度远高于其他。     

A transparency Disclosure Index measuring disclosures: Chinese listed companies

This study addresses the question whether transparency matters among Chinese listed companies. We construct a comprehensive scorecard, based on the OECD Principles of Corporate Governance, in order to assess the transparency of 100 major Chinese listed companies. Based on the scorecard, we construct a Transparency Index (TI) which is used to assess these major Chinese listed companies during 2004–2007. The results reveal that there is a positive and significant relation between company transparency and market valuation. When we further split the TI into Mandatory and Voluntary Disclosure Indexes, it is found that market valuation is only related to the Voluntary Disclosure Index. Finally, we find that more profitable, overseas-listed, and companies with a separate CEO and board chairman tend to disclose more on a voluntary basis.