全文获取类型
收费全文 | 46931篇 |
免费 | 740篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 8198篇 |
工业经济 | 2958篇 |
计划管理 | 7680篇 |
经济学 | 10628篇 |
综合类 | 755篇 |
运输经济 | 216篇 |
旅游经济 | 526篇 |
贸易经济 | 9006篇 |
农业经济 | 1471篇 |
经济概况 | 5569篇 |
信息产业经济 | 45篇 |
邮电经济 | 619篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 192篇 |
2020年 | 308篇 |
2019年 | 406篇 |
2018年 | 2830篇 |
2017年 | 2615篇 |
2016年 | 1779篇 |
2015年 | 498篇 |
2014年 | 727篇 |
2013年 | 3102篇 |
2012年 | 1255篇 |
2011年 | 2785篇 |
2010年 | 2471篇 |
2009年 | 2298篇 |
2008年 | 2336篇 |
2007年 | 2591篇 |
2006年 | 818篇 |
2005年 | 1052篇 |
2004年 | 1164篇 |
2003年 | 1259篇 |
2002年 | 886篇 |
2001年 | 697篇 |
2000年 | 677篇 |
1999年 | 552篇 |
1998年 | 567篇 |
1997年 | 521篇 |
1996年 | 529篇 |
1995年 | 470篇 |
1994年 | 521篇 |
1993年 | 523篇 |
1992年 | 492篇 |
1991年 | 512篇 |
1990年 | 462篇 |
1989年 | 394篇 |
1988年 | 395篇 |
1987年 | 392篇 |
1986年 | 422篇 |
1985年 | 590篇 |
1984年 | 555篇 |
1983年 | 549篇 |
1982年 | 528篇 |
1981年 | 457篇 |
1980年 | 450篇 |
1979年 | 461篇 |
1978年 | 388篇 |
1977年 | 351篇 |
1976年 | 281篇 |
1975年 | 271篇 |
1974年 | 252篇 |
1973年 | 241篇 |
1972年 | 198篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
41.
Georg Serentschy 《Intereconomics》2018,53(5):287-290
The new regulatory framework in the digital sector in Europe is likely to fall short of expectations. A fragmented digital market with insuffi cient incentives for investment is the probable outcome. European regulators should abandon their approach in favour of a new and more flexible set of ideas discussed in this paper. 相似文献
42.
Luz Maria Castro Fabian Härtl Santiago Ochoa Baltazar Calvas Leonardo Izquierdo Thomas Knoke 《Journal of Bioeconomics》2018,20(2):183-211
Bio-economic modelling has become a useful tool for anticipating the outcomes of policies and technologies before their implementation. Advances in mathematical programming have made it possible to build more comprehensive models. In an overview of recent studies about bio-economic models applied to land-use problems in agriculture and forestry, we evaluated how aspects such as uncertainty, multiple objective functions, system dynamics and time have been incorporated into models. We found that single objective models were more frequently applied at the farm level, while multiple objective modelling has been applied to meet concerns at the landscape level. Among the objectives, social aspects are seldom represented in all models, when being compared to economic and environmental aspects. The integration of uncertainty is occasionally a topic, while stochastic approaches are more frequently applied than non-stochastic robust methods. Most multiple-objective models do not integrate uncertainty or sequential decision making. Static approaches continue to be more recurrent than truly dynamic models. Even though integrating multiple aspects may enhance our understanding of a system; it involves a tradeoff between complexity and robustness of the results obtained. Land-use models have to address this balance between complexity and robustness in order to evolve towards robust multiple-objective spatial optimization as a prerequisite to achieve sustainability goals. 相似文献
43.
Various aspects of sustainable development and quality of life are considered, including the impact of standardization. Particular attention is paid to the study of the role played by standardization in improving environmental protection. In this connection the significance of standardization is shown as a factor of improving the technological potential of an enterprise and the quality of life. Various approaches to methods for assessing the effective impact of standardization on the quality of life are analyzed. 相似文献
44.
The general consensus in the volatility forecasting literature is that high-frequency volatility models outperform low-frequency volatility models. However, such a conclusion is reached when low-frequency volatility models are estimated from daily returns. Instead, we study this question considering daily, low-frequency volatility estimators based on open, high, low, and close daily prices. Our data sample consists of 18 stock market indices. We find that high-frequency volatility models tend to outperform low-frequency volatility models only for short-term forecasts. As the forecast horizon increases (up to one month), the difference in forecast accuracy becomes statistically indistinguishable for most market indices. To evaluate the practical implications of our results, we study a simple asset allocation problem. The results reveal that asset allocation based on high-frequency volatility model forecasts does not outperform asset allocation based on low-frequency volatility model forecasts. 相似文献
45.
Christopher J. Cronin 《International Economic Review》2019,60(1):187-218
This study quantifies the moral hazard effect of health insurance on medical expenditure by estimating a dynamic model of within‐year medical care consumption that allows for insurance selection, endogenous health transitions, and individual uncertainty about medical care prices in an environment where insurance has nonlinear cost‐sharing features. The results suggest that moral hazard accounts for 53.1%, on average, of total annual medical expenditure when insured. This estimate is significantly different, and generally larger, than that produced by an alternative model that is representative of the annual medical care decision‐making models commonly found in the literature. 相似文献
46.
Alex Coad Jacob Rubæk Holm Jackie Krafft Francesco Quatraro 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》2018,28(1):1-11
Amid increasing interest in firm age and its effects on firm performance, this special issue offers an exhaustive review of the literature and a novel collection of evidence on the effects of firm age on performance, including a special focus of interest on innovation performance, financial performance, exports, survival and growth. This editorial positions the theme in the extant literature, and provides key definitions and challenges ahead in the field of evolutionary economics. It introduces the collection of articles composing the special issue. The papers offer a diversity of country contexts, as well as analytical approaches and methods. They include an exhaustive review of the literature on age and firms’ performance, and present original empirical studies focusing on the effects of age on firms’ economic outcomes on the one hand, and on innovation outcomes on the other hand. While most of the papers use econometric analysis, the level of analysis ranges from firm to individual. 相似文献
47.
48.
Jessica Flanigan 《Journal of Business Ethics》2018,153(1):79-94
The choice argument against sweatshop regulations states that public officials should not prohibit workers from accepting jobs that require long hours, low pay, and poor working conditions, because enforcing such regulations would be disrespectful to the workers who choose to work in sweatshops. Critics of the choice argument reply that these regulations can be justified when workers only choose to work in sweatshops because they lack acceptable alternatives and are unable to coordinate to achieve better conditions for all workers. My thesis is that the presence of unacceptable alternatives to sweatshop labor or barriers to coordination cannot justify sweatshop regulations such as minimum wage and maximum hour laws. Although officials should promote alternatives to difficult and dangerous sweatshop labor, they should not do so by limiting workers’ and employers’ options through coercive regulation. And the fact that sweatshop workers may face coordination problems does not undermine the claim that sweatshop workers choose to work in sweatshops, just as other workers face coordination problems but nevertheless make occupational choices. Furthermore, efforts to restrict sweatshop workers’ choices are morally risky and may not promote workers’ wellbeing or wellbeing in general. 相似文献
49.
The study reported in this paper investigated the determinants of fair trade (FT) product purchase intention among Dutch consumers according to the extended Theory of Planned Behaviour and determined whether the effects of those determinants differ between male and female consumers. To test the various research hypotheses, an online survey with 499 respondents from a Dutch research panel was employed. Results of the multi-group analysis using a structural equation modelling approach reveal that FT product purchase intention of both male and female consumers are predicated on moral obligation and self-identity. The impact of subjective norm on purchase intention is statistically significant for male consumers only. Analyses reveal that, indeed, the impact of subjective norm on FT product purchase intention is moderated by consumers’ gender. 相似文献
50.