基于专利技术关联度的中间人角色划分方法研究

基于专利数据构建的发明人合作网络有助于分析发明人中间人角色,揭示发明人创新合作规律,对于企业研发人才管理和知识管理具有重要指导意义。群体划分是中间人角色划分的一个关键步骤,以往文献大多基于网络结构或者给定网络边界进行群体划分,忽视了专利发明人的知识交流环境和特征。鉴于此,基于专利技术关联度,利用专利著录项中的IPC分类号信息判断企业发明人所属技术知识领域,再以技术知识领域为边界设计一套算法,将发明人归入互斥子群,最终对中间人角色进行高效划分,寒武纪公司数据验证了中间人角色划分算法具有较高的准确性和有效性。     

Innovation Performance in New Product Development Teams in China's Technology Ventures: The Role of Behavioral Integration Dimensions and Collective Efficacy

In emerging markets, technology ventures increasingly rely on new product development (NPD) teams to generate creative ideas and to mold these innovative ideas into streams of new products or services. However, little is known about how behavioral integration (a behavioral team process) and collective efficacy (a motivational team process) jointly facilitate or inhibit team innovation performance in emerging markets—especially in China, the world's largest emerging‐market setting with collectivist and high power distance cultures. Drawing on social cognitive theory and behavioral integration research, this article elucidates the relationships between behavioral integration dimensions (i.e., collaborative behavior, information exchange, and joint decision‐making) and innovation performance and also examines how collective efficacy moderates these relationships in China's NPD teams. Results from a sample of 96 NPD teams in China's technology ventures reveal that information exchange is positively associated with innovation performance. Collaborative behavior positively but marginally influences innovation performance, whereas joint decision‐making does not relate to innovation performance. Moreover, collective efficacy demonstrates an important moderating role. Specifically, both collaborative behavior and joint decision‐making are more positively associated with innovation performance when collective efficacy is higher. In contrast, information exchange is less positively associated with innovation performance when collective efficacy is higher. This study makes important theoretical contributions to the literature on team innovation and behavioral integration in emerging markets by offering a better understanding of how behavioral and motivational team processes jointly shape innovation performance in China's NPD teams. This study also extends social cognitive theory by identifying collective efficacy as a boundary condition for the overall effectiveness of behavioral integration dimensions. In particular, this study highlights the condition under which behavioral integration dimensions facilitate or inhibit NPD team innovation performance in China.     

地方政府债务对工业资本配置效率的非线性影响效应——基于动态面板平滑转换回归PSTR模型的检验

经济新常态下,提高工业资本等要素配置效率是实现经济向高质量增长转变的必然要求。本文在政府主导、投资驱动的工业发展模式下,结合地方债务压力和金融发展差异门限变量,在非线性框架下运用动态面板平滑转换回归模型实证检验地方债务规模与工业资本配置效率的渐进演变关系。研究发现,适度的地方债务规模有助于提高资本配置效率,但随着债务压力增加,举债对资本配置的正效应逐步减弱并产生负效应。究其原因,适度举债能补齐工业基础设施短板,压低土地成本,对工业发展产生杠杆效应,从而提高资本配置效率;但过度举债推升财政风险,占用信贷资源并强化企业融资约束,造成资本配置低效率。此外,研究发现,地方信贷规模提升,能缓解举债的融资约束,促进工业行业间的资本流动;而工业金融深化程度提高,能增强市场竞争机制在要素配置中的作用,缓解举债造成投资错配,从而增强资本配置效率。以上分析结果表明,地方政府举债应更理性、适度、规范。     

外商直接投资的环境效应--基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析

改革开放以来,规模持续扩大的外商直接投资在推动我国经济增长的同时,也给我国生态环境带来一定的负面影响。本文利用我国30个省(市、区)、1999～2004年度的面板数据,构建了一个经济计量模型,对外商直接投资的环境效应进行测度。计量结果显示,外商直接投资对我国生态环境具有显著的负面效应:就全国总体情况而言,三资工业企业总资产每增加1%,工业废气排放量增加0.358%。进一步对东、中、西部三大区域的研究表明,与外商直接投资在我国的区域分布特征相一致,外商直接投资对我国生态环境的负面效应也呈现出明显的东高西低的梯度特征。文章最后提出了相关政策建议。     

Regulatory incentives and financial reporting quality in public healthcare organisations

English National Health Service Foundation Trusts are subject to a regulatory regime in which the level of monitoring and intervention is determined by performance against two key performance metrics: a ‘financial risk rating’, based on a number of performance metrics, such as the reported surplus margin and return on assets, and a ‘prudential borrowing limit’. In this paper, we investigate the variation in financial reporting quality, proxied by discretionary accruals, with the incentives introduced by this regime. We find: first, that discretionary accruals are managed to report small surpluses; second, that, consistent with the avoidance of regulatory intervention in both the short and medium term, discretionary accruals are more positive when pre-managed performance is below intervention triggering thresholds and more negative when well above threshold; third, that, despite a move away from financial breakeven as the primary performance objective, there remains an aversion to small loss reporting. We further find that the level of discretionary accruals is driven by two metrics of strategic significance: the surplus margin (a measure of retained earnings) and the prudential borrowing limit (a measure of borrowing capacity).     

资本结构研究之动态权衡理论新证据

本文研究了井购交易对中国主并公司资本结构的影响,以检验关于动态权衡理论的假设.针对2000-2010年发生的158宗并购交易,通过托宾模型预测了主并公司在并购发生前后的最优杠杆率,并在此基础上研究了并购对杠杆率偏差的影响.结果显示,主并公司在并购前存在着资本结构对于最优值的偏差;主并公司运用并购来矫正该偏差,由于矫正过度,它们在并购交易完成后的长期内继续消除这种偏差.基于对经典研究方法的三点改进,本文结果显著支持动态权衡理论,并且比先前的研究更加符合经验证据.稳健性检验揭示,中国上市公司在资本结构方面的行为模式与美国上市公司高度一致.     

税制变革、人口增长及其对中国历史演进的长期影响——基于“两税法”前后的考察

正确认识中国历史上的人口增长对理解中国经济与社会的长期变迁具有十分重要的意义.文章使用现代经济学的分析方法对中国历史上税制变革的人口效应及其长期影响进行了分析.研究表明,不但税额的变化对人口增长有很重要的影响,而且税制结构的变化也是影响人口数量的一个重要因素:(1)当税额给定时,丁税占比与长期人口水平负相关,与稳态人均产出以及稳态家庭收入正相关;(2)当税收结构给定时,税额与长期人口水平负相关,与稳态人均产出正相关,对家庭收入的长期影响则取决于丁税占比和劳动产出弹性的大小.结合历史上赋役变化的具体情况,我们预测两税法以来的税制变革倾向于释放更多的人口,并引起劳动生产率的长期下降,但是,稳态人口水平的提高却为两宋以后王朝寿命的延长提供了经济基础.文章对于分析当代税收的长期经济效应以及研究税收调整和税制改革也具有一定的启示.     

承包商创收策略研究——基于一次、二次、三次经营视角

在我国建筑市场竞争激烈的情境下,业主普遍倾向于将风险交由承包商承担,这就使得承包商的被动地位越为明显.在此情况下,承包商的利润空间较低.为提升承包商利润,本文提出三次经营的模式,建立基于信任型合作关系的承包商创收体系.在项目各参与方共赢的理念下,实现承包商的创收和永续发展.     

基于专业质量保障体系的德育为先与创新策略——以高职专业人才培养为例

党的教育方针把德育放在学生全面发展的领先地位,"德育为先"在理论与实践中被证明是正确的。针对传统德育工作存在的淡化僵化等不足,必须重点推行"三个转变",构建"全体性、全程化、全方位"德育为先体系,在坚持高职专业质量"德育为先"原则的同时,更应重视德育思路与方式的创新。     

上海市总部集群建设与区域创新发展

上海依托其金融、贸易、航运的中心地位,吸引大量的跨国公司总部进驻。近10来年,上海的总部经济规模迅速扩大,形成几个特大规模的总部经济集聚区,但其总部经济的发展也存在较大的问题,总部集群的要素集聚度低,总部集群的创新水平低,总部集群创新环境较差等问题。建设好上海的总部经济有其重要的现实意义,我们应大力提高总部经济的自主创新能力、促进创新环境的建设、构建创新要素的网络结构等。