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above the certainty level while for additive uncertainty the price should be lower than the certainty level. This note gives an intuitive explanation for the result after first presenting a parsimonious review
of the two models. We also discuss which, if either, of the two models is more realistic.
Received December 14, 2001; revised version received July 16, 2002
Published online: April 30, 2003
We thank referees for helpful comments. Ciaran Driver would like to acknowledge the research facilities from ANU, Canberra
for their help in writing this paper. 相似文献
94.
We evaluate the appropriateness of regulation within the Canadian cable television industry by applying both parametric and non-parametric approachesto measure scale efficiency. Although we begin with a sample offering adequatedegrees of freedom for parametric estimation, important policy issues lead us toconsider further estimation over sub-samples. Since some of these sub-samplesare small enough that parametric models cannot guarantee reliable estimates, weobtain production characteristics non-parametrically through data envelopmentanalysis. The nonparametric results for scale efficiency support the parametricresults. We find evidence against a natural monopoly argument that might havejustified continuation of the mandated monopolization of Canadian cable televisionservice. By the end of the sample period, there were no longer substantial economiesof scale in most relevant markets. 相似文献
95.
Increasingly popular tailored regulation (TR) initiatives like the Environmental Protection Agency's Project XL allow industrial facilities to voluntarily substitute site-specific environmental performance standards for inefficient command-and-control regulations. TR can significantly reduce participants' costs of complying with environmental regulations, but in doing so it can also give these participants a competitive advantage. Here we develop an analytical model to show that TR can have adverse welfare effects when if enables relatively inefficient firms in oligopolistic markets to “steal” market share from more efficient firms, and we characterize the regulatory policies that give rise to such outcomes. We also show that regulators' efforts to diffuse the benefits of site-specific agreements among nonparticipating firms dampen incentives to participate in TR. 相似文献
96.
Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 106 on Nonpension Postretirement Benefits (NPB) provides managers with
a relatively long adoption window and choice of transition methods which can be used by affected companies to manage earnings.
This paper examines whether management's choice of adoption timing is motivated by the desire to manage earnings. Fisher's
[1934] exact probability analysis is used to test the hypothesis regarding profitability of a sample of 200 early and late
adopters of SFAS No. 106. The results indicate that the profitability of adopting the income-reducing accounting standard
(SFAS No. 106) early is significantly higher for more profitable firms than for less profitable firms. 相似文献
97.
Demarketing as a differentiation strategy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Demarketing discourages consumers from buying. This paper shows that demarketing can be a profitable alternative when differentiation through product improvements is not cost effective. The impact of differentiating demarketing on profit, market share, consumers, and total welfare is investigated.This research began while Hess was visiting MIT's Sloan School of Management and was finished while visiting University of Haifa; he thanks both for their support. 相似文献
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