信誉的价值:以网上拍卖交易为例

本文使用网上拍卖交易数据,就卖者信誉对市场交易的影响进行了实证研究。我们发现,卖者的信誉评价一方面影响物品成交的价格,另一方面还对物品拍卖成功的概率有着显著的正面影响;但相对来说,卖者的信誉评价对后者的效果比对前者要更显著。这是本文的主要发现。该结果验证了在一个没有政府干预、近乎自由放任的“虚拟”市场上信誉机制的积极作用。     

全日制专业学位研究生实践性教学体系的构建

实践性教学是全日制专业学位研究生培养的重要环节,是确保高层次应用型人才培养质量的重要保证。本文以研究生知识结构、能力要求、素质要求协调发展为主线,构建了双导师制下,以目标为核心、内容为重点、条件为保障、管理为手段的全日制专业学位研究生实践性教学体系,为保证专业学位教育质量提供了理论基础。     

水电开发对区域水能资源可持续发展影响评价研究

本文以某电站所处区域为例进行分析,按照水电开发、环境保护和社会经济发展复合系统进行分析,探索性研究并建立水能开发对应的区域可持续发展指标体系;用统一的尺度度量发展指标,合理的测度和评价水能资源的可持续利用性。     

Brighter prospects? Assessing the franchise advantage using census data

This paper uses Census microdata to examine how starting a business as a franchise rather than an independent business affects its survival and growth prospects. We assess factors that influence the decision to become a franchisee and use various empirical approaches to correct for selection bias in our performance analyses. We find that franchised businesses on average exhibit higher survival rates than independent businesses; but importantly, the difference is small compared with claims in the trade press. The effect is also short lived: conditional on surviving a year or two, we no longer find survival (or growth) differences. We then explore two potential sources for this small survival advantage, namely franchisors’ screening process and the benefits arising from the brand and business know‐how provided by franchisors. We find evidence that both of the sources contribute to the franchising advantage.     

Local governance and public goods provision in rural China

In developing countries, identifying the most effective community-level governance mode is a key issue in rural development; therefore, empirical evaluation of these different modes is desperately needed. Since the 1980s, tens of thousands of villages in rural China have held local government elections, providing a good opportunity to investigate the effect of democratization on the level of public goods provision. Using a recent village survey conducted over a significant period of time, this article compares two different governance modes. It finds that elections affect little on the size of revenue but significantly shift the distribution of taxation from individuals to enterprises if possible. However, privatization has made taxation or levies on rural enterprises more difficult. It also shows that elections and power sharing are conducive to improve the allocation of public expenditures.     

北京和上海居民消费结构简析

对北京和上海两大城市居民消费行为和消费结构进行分析,讨论了目前消费结构的特点,即支出结构变化明显、居民对服务类消费需求的迅速增加、但是不同收入水平的居民消费倾向相差很大,整体而言,消费结构有很大的调整空间。     

我国草地的发展观

本文通过对我国草原起源的追溯和现代草原不可持续性的分析,指出以人为主的因素加速了草地退化,导致草畜矛盾的加剧、抗灾能力及生态系统服务功能的减弱,影响了我国的粮食安全和生态安全。文章认为,亟须建立产业化与集约化经营的现代人工草地畜牧业,实现草地的可持续发展。     

改革现行科技进步评价模式的思考

现行评价科技进步在经济增长中作用的模式主要有三大类：指标法、直接计算法、模型法。虽然这三类方法各有利弊,但总体来看,模型法具有综合性、逻辑性和可比性的明显优势。因此,改革的基本思路应该是：发挥模型法的优势,避免模型法中科技进步因子包含非科技进步因素影响的缺陷,引入干预分析模型,剔除非科技进步因素的影响,构建生产函数模型与干预分析模型相结合的科技进步评价新模式,从而准确测度和评价科技进步在经济增长中的作用。     

展望城市社会的未来

我很高兴能来到著名的同济大学,和在座各位共同讨论二十一世纪的城市发展。我认为对于人文科学和社会学研究者,有三个问题具有根本性的意义:一、二十一世纪城市的发展将出现什么样的趋势和特点;二、我们应当如何监控城市未来的发展;三、如何将人文科学引入到城市未来的研究中去。社会学者的义务:思考城市的未来在这个世纪我们已经看到了一个现象——全球性的城市化。一些以农业为主的国家将经历一个重要的城市化过程,比如印度、巴西、还有中国。尽管中国的城市化进程正在进行之中,但我认为这将是人类历史上规模最大、影响最深的社会变动。中…     

公平与效率

本文着重论述了公平与效率的统一关系。认为效率是公平的基础公平是效率的前提和目的,社会主义社会能够实现公平与效率的统一。