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21.
This article reports results of a 1993 questionnaire survey of how UK companies have been innovating technologically in response to environmental pressures. The survey sought to identify factors stimulating UK firms to innovate more environmentally friendly products and processes, and to investigate the changes in R&D activity they have undertaken to facilitate such innovation. In devising the questionnaire and interpreting the results, we have been strongly influenced by the theoretical frameworks developed over the past 15 years which describe technological developments in terms of ‘selection environments’ and ‘technological trajectories’. Useful though such frameworks are, we conclude that they need to be supplemented by concepts derived from the sociology of technology and from studies of corporate strategies. 相似文献
22.
John Martin 《实用企业财务杂志》2001,14(3):22-34
Leading financial economists and activist institutional investors have long argued that the proper alignment of manager and shareholder interests requires the use of performance based compensation. Partly in response to these pressures, and in combination with a change in the tax code that encourages performance-based pay, corporate boards have dramatically increased their use of stock grants and executive stock options. Combine this development with the longest bull market in U.S. financial history, and the result is unprecedented levels of CEO pay at the close of the 20th century. This review of executive compensation reveals that the economic theory of tournaments may provide a rationale for the pattern, if not the level, of executive pay. Specifically it finds that the total compensation of the five highestpaid executives in a cross-section of new and old-economy firms is very similar to the pattern of payouts to players in a golf tournament. The author also reports that recent studies show a significant increase in the pay-for-performance correlation throughout the 1990s. But whether that correlation is as high as it should be, and whether current levels of CEO pay are socially "optimal," are questions that remain unanswered. 相似文献
23.
THE EFFECTS OF COMPANY TRAINING,FURTHER EDUCATION AND THE YOUTH TRAINING SCHEME ON THE EARNINGS OF YOUNG EMPLOYEES* 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Francis Green Martin Hoskins Scott Montgomery 《Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics》1996,58(3):469-488
Abstract This paper provides evidence on the impact of company training, of post-compulsory education and of the UK Youth Training Scheme in the late 1980's on the earnings of 21-year-old employees in England and Wales. Earnings equations are estimated for each of seven groups of employees who have followed alternative routes from compulsory education into employment, allowing for selectivity into these routes. There are several findings, including: both high parental social class and better school qualifications help to channel people into higher status routes, while high local unemployment has the opposite effect; participation in company training in long spells substantially raises wages but short spells do not; YTS participation fails to raise, and possibly substantially lowers, wages even three years after graduation compared to those who left school at 16 and went to work and received no training; there is weak evidence that, even for those that do not enter higher education, it is better to stay on at school after 16 than go into YTS. 相似文献
24.
A large body of evidence indicates that macroeconomic and financial variables are dynamically interrelated. In an international setup, we analyze the transmission mechanisms of macroeconomic shocks on the stock market of a small open economy in an increasingly integrated world. We use a time-varying vector error correction model (VECM) that allows analysis of asymmetric impacts that depend on the state of the business cycle. A special focus is directed on monetary policy surprises, where we find that foreign shocks exert a strong influence on an integrated stock market, and that the stage of the business cycle heavily affects the signals of the shocks. 相似文献
25.
A statistically optimal inference about agents' ex ante price expectations within the US broiler market is derived using futures prices of related commodities along with a quasi‐rational forecasting regression equation. The modelling approach, which builds on a Hamilton‐type framework, includes endogenous production and allows expected cash price to be decomposed into anticipated and unanticipated components. We therefore infer the relative importance of various informational sources in expectation formation. Results show that, in addition to the quasi‐rational forecast, the true supply shock, future prices, and ex post commodity price forecast errors have, at times, been influential in broiler producers' price expectations. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
26.
Miguel-Angel Galindo Martin 《International Advances in Economic Research》1997,3(3):240-244
As it is well known, before the next century a single European currency, the Euro, will be introduced and European products
will enjoy an extensive market. Economists have focused their attention on analyzing the different costs and benefits derived
from the implementation of the single currency. With regard to the benefits of such an implementation, the most important
ones are as follows. The introduction of a single currency will encourage internal demand and will help economic agents save
transaction costs; labor distribution will improve; there will be less uncertainty in the markets; and, lastly, it will improve
economic growth if technical transmission is facilitated. But there are also problems in the implementation of the single
European currency. Credit institutions, especially banks and savings banks, will lose their income from the currency exchange
process. It must also be considered that the economies will depend on the higher development level of the German economy.
The goal of this paper is to analyze the costs and benefits derived from the implementation of a single currency. 相似文献
27.
This paper contains a critique of existing legislation which deals with hazardous waste disposal and expands on the efforts
made by the Office of Technology Assessment and other economists to develop a public policy which will deal effectively with
the problems associated with hazardous waste generation and disposal. A new policy is set forth here which encourages both
waste reduction and safe disposal while providing revenue to pay for cleanups at Superfund sites. 相似文献
28.
Gregory J. Werden Andrew S. Joskow Richard L. Johnson 《Managerial and Decision Economics》1991,12(5):341-352
The literature on industrial organization contains very little direct evidence on the effects of actual mergers. This study estimates the effects of two recent airline mergers approved by the Department of Transportation over the objection of the Department of Justice. The merger of TWA and Ozark appears to have caused a slight increase in fares and a far greater reduction in service on city pairs out of St Louis. The merger of Northwest and Republic appears to have caused a significant increase in fares and a significant reduction in overall service on city pairs out of Minneapolis-St Paul. 相似文献
29.
Teaching Business Ethics - 相似文献
30.
Andrew Sentance 《Business Strategy Review》1997,8(2):47-49
Andrew Sentance concludes that it will be difficult for the new British Government to limit government borrowing without raising taxes. 相似文献