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101.
Local food systems providing high‐value products are seen as a tool to sustain economic activity on family farms in rural areas. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of gastronomic, externality and feasibility characteristics in consumers' demand for local and for organic foods. An Internet questionnaire survey was conducted in 2010 among Danish consumers. 3211 respondents completed the questionnaire, which included questions about respondents' food‐related values and their specific perception of organic and local varieties of honey and apples. Variables related to consumers' food‐related values and product perception were analysed using principal component analysis, in order to identify overall dimensions (factors) in these variables. Although statements about gastronomic attributes (e.g. taste, appearance, quality) were quite strongly represented in three of these factors, externality and availability concerns also contributed significantly to the overall variation in the variables. Multinomial logit choice modelling was used for describing the relationship between these dimensions and respondents' stated choices regarding organic and local varieties of honey and apples. Results suggest that although both organic and local food supply chains are often associated with special attributes such as gastronomic characteristics and relatively beneficial externality attributes, these attributes are perceived differently for the two types of supply chains. Perceived gastronomic quality is the most important determinant for food choice, but externality and feasibility aspects are also important correlates. 相似文献
102.
Stefan Homburg Bernhard Herz Alexander Erler Thomas Mayer Arne Heise Ulrike Neyer 《Wirtschaftsdienst》2013,93(11):731-750
Financial repression committed by central banks has been put forward as a means to secretly reduce the real burden of high public debts. Financial repression has allegedly played an important role in the impressive reduction of the US debt ratio after World War II. A mix of conventional budget consolidation and rapid growth was the main driver in this relative debt reduction with a minor role for financial repression. But does financial repression really exist? The authors express different opinions on evidence for this concept. Those authors who find that there are indicators of financial repression fear redistributive tendencies between debtors and creditors and high opportunity costs in the form of savings and investment distortions. Therefore, financial repression is not a “cure” for the high public debts amassed in the euro area during the recent sovereign debt and banking crisis. Furthermore, the high sovereign debts in the euro area may threaten economic development and impose high costs on society. Therefore, reducing these debts is politically highly relevant, and fiscal policy should be characterised by a modest reduction in government spending and/or tax increases, combined with a policy promoting economic growth. Macroprudential regulations should supplement this financial policy. 相似文献
103.
Sigrid Denver Tove Christensen Joergen D. Jensen Katherine O'Doherty Jensen 《国际粮食与农业综合企业市场学杂志》2013,25(1):47-65
This article concerns demand for organic foods in 3 European countries: Denmark, Great Britain, and Italy. Based on extensive sets of household panel data we categorize households into 4 groups according to their levels of organic consumption. Importance of sociodemographics is estimated by applying multinomial logit models. In all 3 countries a high organic consumption is mainly found among the more well-situated households in urban areas. Although the relative size of the user groups is fairly stable over time, we find variation in the organic consumption of individual households. 相似文献
104.
105.
Based on pooled register data from Norway and Sweden, we findthat differences in unemployment duration patterns reflect dissimilaritiesin unemployment insurance (UI) systems in a way that convincinglyestablishes the link between economic incentives and job searchbehaviour. Specifically, UI benefits are relatively more generousfor low-income workers in Sweden than in Norway, leading torelatively longer unemployment spells for low-income workersin Sweden. Based on the between-countries variation in replacementratios, we find that the elasticity of the outflow rate frominsured unemployment with respect to the replacement ratio isapproximately one in Norway and 0.5 in Sweden. 相似文献
106.
Andrew Hughes Hallett Svend E. Hougaard Jensen 《International Economics and Economic Policy》2011,8(3):225-245
Since the great financial crash, the need for new fiscal rules to prevent unsustainable fiscal policies is universally recognised.
In practice such rules, including those in the Stability and Growth Pact, have proved to be impossible to enforce. Thus, to
avoid unsustainable fiscal policies reappearing, and to prevent monetary policy from being undermined by undisciplined governments,
there is a need for a framework capable of imposing fiscal discipline. This paper considers an intertemporal assignment, where
fiscal policy focuses on long-term objectives and monetary policy on short-term stabilisation. We argue for public sector
debt targets as a practical way to achieve such a set up, and an excess debt protocol is constructed to give enforceable form
to those targets. The ideas of “fiscal space” and optimal debt levels are used to provide a mechanism for identifying a stable
region within which the debt targeting regime should operate. Making these factors explicit would both improve the credibility
of planned fiscal policies and reduce risk premia on borrowing costs. We finally show how Europe’s competitiveness pact, and
debt restructuring operations, can be used to maximise the available fiscal space. 相似文献
107.
J. Bradford Jensen 《Journal of Industry, Competition and Trade》2008,8(3-4):181-197
This paper examines the size, scope, and potential implications of trade in high-tech services in the U.S. The results suggest that many service activities are tradable, tradable service activities tend to employ more educated workers and pay higher wages, and high-tech services account for a large share of service activities that are tradable. Service exporters are more prevalent in high-tech industries with larger establishments and higher wages. Within industries, service exporters tend to be larger, pay higher wages, and are more productive. Tradable service activities seem consistent with U.S. comparative advantage and, as a result, less likely to be vulnerable to offshoring. Consistent with this, recent employment growth in tradable service industries is not significantly different than employment growth in non-tradable service industries. 相似文献
108.
We present a model of conflict in which each group decides to claim the country’s income and invest in arms or to accept a
group neutral allocation of income and not invest in arms. Apart from the usual cooperative or conflictual societies, their
strategic choice can result in hierarchically stratified societies in which one group is dominant. We show how the presence
and exploitation of certain types of resources matters for the occurrence of conflict or social hierarchical stratification
and for the possible effects of trust manipulation. In particular we find that, first, robust (encompassing point and lootable)
resource rich economies tend to be conflictual, plantation economies hierarchically stratified and diversified economies cooperative.
Second, foreign intervention, aimed at changing the balance of power in the case of conflict, is most effective in robust
and diffuse resource rich economies. Third, trust manipulation (as a means to counter conflict) is most effective in subsistence
and diffuse resource rich economies. Throughout the article, we cite ample case study and econometric evidence to support
our model. 相似文献
109.
Michael C.Jensen 《董事会》2008,(2):98-98
也许对于所有的工业化国家来说,公司治理问题都是一个热点讨论问题。具体到学术圈和商业圈,讨论的焦点主要落在如何能够提高董事会对公司经理监管的政策和程序上,目前关于全球公司治理观点的主要分歧是公司的基本目标。除了该问题本身的复杂性之外,分歧的原因主要在于讨论的结果可能影响到各个观点冲突方的自身利益。 相似文献
110.
Fundraisers have turned their attention to minority communities as potential resources despite the fact that minority communities are both underserved by and underrepresented in nonprofit organizations. This paper argues that the current approach to minority fundraising, which uses broad racial categories, is limiting. Minority fundraising practice and research face three distinct challenges (racial categorization, socially constructed markets, and privilege) that can be addressed through a focus on language, specifically discourse analysis. 相似文献