嵌入性创新网络与科技型小微企业创新绩效:网络能力中介效应研究

科技型小微企业嵌入于创新网络中,通过自主性发挥网络构建与管理能力,进一步分享创新网络资源,提高创新实力。基于中国软件谷(南京)及相关创业孵化园246家软件企业问卷调查结果,运用SPSS、LISREL软件进行统计分析,实证研究网络能力对嵌入性创新网络与科技型小微企业创新绩效的中介效应。结果表明:(1)嵌入性创新网络稳定性有利于科技型小微企业创新绩效的提升;(2)嵌入性创新网络强度越大,科技型小微企业网络能力越强;(3)科技型小微企业网络能力越强,创新绩效提升越明显;(4)科技型小微企网络能力有助于促进嵌入性创新网络对创新绩效的提升作用。     

Unobserved Heterogeneity,Job Training and the Employer Size–Wage Effect in Australia

This study attempts to clarify the nature of the employer size–wage effect in Australia by determining the extent to which it can be explained by observed and unobserved quality differences of workers. Our empirical results show that, for men, quality‐adjusted employer size–wage effects are quite small and are mostly driven by lower wages for workers in the smallest firms (fewer than 20 workers). For women, size–wage effects disappear when unobserved quality differences are accounted for. We also find that accounting for differences in the incidence of job training has no effect on the structure of wage differences by employer size.     

Economic modelling of costs associated with outcomes reported for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in the CANVAS and EMPA-REG cardiovascular outcomes trials

Aims: To model direct medical costs associated with reductions in cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in T2DM patients reported in the CANVAS and EMPA-REG trials, which assessed the cardiovascular safety of canagliflozin and empagliflozin, respectively.

Materials and methods: Costs were modeled from a US managed care organization (MCO) perspective for the CVD outcomes included in both trials: three-point major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) and its components (cardiovascular-related death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke), as well as heart failure requiring hospitalization. The rate of CVD events averted (difference between study drug and placebo) was projected to the portion of an MCO T2DM population matching the respective trial’s inclusion criteria. A targeted literature search for paid amounts directly associated with each CVD event provided the unit costs, which were applied to the projected number of events averted, to calculate costs avoided per member per year (PMPY). One-way sensitivity analyses were performed on events averted, unit costs, and percentages of trial-applicable patients.

Results: Based on three-point MACE events averted, costs avoided PMPY of $6.17 (range: $1.27–$10.94) for CANVAS and $2.75 ($0.19–$4.83) for EMPA-REG were estimated. Costs avoided for individual components of MACE ranged from $0.77 to $3.84 PMPY for CANVAS and from -$0.97 (additional costs) to $1.54 for EMPA-REG. PMPY costs avoided for heart failure were $2.72 for CANVAS and $1.32 for EMPA-REG.

Limitations and conclusions: Models assumed independent, non-recurrent outcomes and were restricted to medical costs directly associated with the trial-reported events. The reductions in CVD events in T2DM patients reported for both CANVAS and EMPA-REG project to a positive cost avoidance for these events in an MCO population. The analysis did not include an assessment of the impact on total cost, as the costs associated with adverse events, drug utilization or other clinical outcomes were not examined.     

Dynamic relationship between stock market trading volumes and investor fear gauges movements

This article applies multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA) and multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis (MF-DCCA) to investigate cross-correlation behaviours between two kinds of stock markets trading volumes and investor fear gauges covering the data of U.S. stock markets from 2 January 2004 to 31 July 2018. The empirical results show that the dynamic relationship between stock markets trading volume fluctuations and different kinds of investor fear gauges are multifractal and find that the dynamic relationship is strongly anti-persistent. Moreover, financial crisis in 2008 has a significant impact on the cross-correlated behaviour, suggesting that stock market trading volume fluctuations and investor fear gauges are more susceptible to each other during the financial crisis period. Through the rolling windows analysis, we also find that the stock markets trading volume fluctuations and different kinds of investor fear gauges are anti-persistent dynamic cross-correlated.     

中国贫困农村的食物需求与营养弹性

运用来自中国贫困地区的农户水平数据,本文研究了总消费水平与食物和营养需求之间的关系。结果发现,在中国的贫困农村地区,虽然食物需求非常具有弹性,弹性值估计在0.74左右,但营养需求则相对缺乏弹性,其弹性只有0.14左右。因此,一定程度的营养干预也许会对改善贫困地区的营养状况具有重要意义。     

医养结合与老年人健康养老

医养结合是我国社会养老服务体系的核心内容之一,也是实现养老服务高质量发展的重要内容。文章利用CHARLS2015和2018两期数据,以2016年确立国家级医养结合服务试点作为准自然实验,运用双重差分法实证检验了社区居家医养结合服务对于老年人健康养老的影响。研究发现：（1）社区居家医养结合服务提高了老年人的健康自评,优化了老年人医疗服务利用水平,并显著促进了慢性病管理与门诊就诊随访概率,但对老年人身体机能和精神健康层面的改善并不明显。（2）服务效果受到老年人的个体因素（年龄、性别、收入、婚姻状况等）与代际因素（居住区域、子女个数、是否有子女照料、子女受教育程度等）的异质性影响。（3）机制检验方面,体检、日间照料、上门巡诊、娱乐活动服务等显著提高了老年人的健康自评,优化了慢性病管理和老年人的医疗服务利用水平,提升了老年人的精神健康水平。文章研究认为,社区居家医养结合服务应当重新梳理其主体行为逻辑,逐步优化顶层设计,完善关联制度衔接,构建医养结合服务模式、机制与需求多维度衔接的动态调整机制,弄清不同层次人群在医养结合服务中的现实需求,打破制度壁垒,提高资源与政策制度的衔接能力。文章的研究为进...     

论旅行社生态化在西部旅游开发中的作用

西部旅游开发生态环境保护是关键,而旅行社生态化既是西部旅游开发的必要,也是旅行社自身生态与发展的需要。旅行社生态化发展就必须在产品设计、游客与资源互动管理等方面有一些新的举措。     

中国民企要警惕深陷法律雷区

经受过“原罪”拷问的中国民营企业,还没过几天安稳日子,又面临新的法律雷区。中国民企正陷入法律风险高发期,如果民企再惯性地冲撞法律,轻则诉讼缠身,受到巨额罚款;重则倾家荡产,遭受牢狱之灾。为企业发展考虑,民企需要谨慎应对法律雷区。(一)法律雷区,遭遇不测民企初创时代的     

团队内部粘滞性知识共享的模型构建与管理对策

首先回顾了知识共享和粘滞性知识的相关文献,随后从知识共享主体、共享客体、共享媒介以及外界环境4个方面对团队内部粘滞性知识的共享模型进行构建。并以此为基础,提出了若干降低共享过程知识粘滞性的对策。     

企业合作创新过程中知识转移影响因素及机制研究

在综述国内外关于知识转移影响因素研究文献的基础上,结合企业合作创新过程对知识转移过程的影响因素进行分类、补充和改进,建立了企业合作创新知识转移模型,并对企业合作创新每个阶段涉及的知识转移影响因素作了深入分析,在此基础上,建立了企业合作创新知识转移机制。