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41.
Susan H.C. Tai Agnes M.C. Fung 《International Review of Retail, Distribution & Consumer Research》2013,23(4):311-337
Although the influence of the environment on behaviour has long been acknowledged by many environmental psychologists, not many studies have been done in a retailing context, and so far no study can provide a framework to determine how environmental cues might impact on store patronage. The main objective of this study is to explore the relationship between environment and human behaviour in a retailing context by adopting the Mehrabian Russell Model (M-R Model) so as to test the predictability and applicability of the model through measurement of the information load, the emotional states induced and the approach-avoidance behaviour of shoppers in two types of CD stores in Hong Kong. The findings show that in-store environment stimuli (expressed in terms of information rate) are positively related to the level of pleasure experienced in the store. In turn, environment-induced emotional states in the store are positively related to in-store shopping behaviour. Therefore, shopping behaviour favourable to retailers can be induced through manipulation of the store's atmospheric elements. The findings show that the in-store environment is dynamic in nature and the model is not as simple as that predicted by Mehrabian and Russell in a one-way direction. In-store behaviour also has positive effects on the pleasure felt in the store and the in-store rating of environmental stimuli. 相似文献
42.
43.
Abstract. We conduct a theoretical investigation into how financial reforms are affecting the long‐run economic performance of the partially reformed Chinese economy. In a model with a dual structure in commodity production and financial repression, allowing the co‐existence of a state banking system and an informal credit market and introducing heterogeneity in the transaction technologies of individuals, we examine the interactions between the state banking system and the informal credit market, and the effects of various measures of financial liberalization on individuals’ optimal portfolio choices and the macroeconomic aggregates. 相似文献
44.
Lam Thanh Ha 《广西金融研究》2008,(1):37-41
本文首先对贸易自由化问题进行了界定,然后就泛北部湾地区开展贸易自由化的各项因素进行了论述。一方面,笔者列举了一系列利于在该区域实现贸易自由化的潜在性因素;另一方面,笔者也注意到区域内各国基础设施条件和经济基础差异较大,贸易商品的层次不同、贸易间的关联度差以及各国在涉及国家经济安全,产业体系建立等贸易自由化政策方面所表现的不同倾向又为泛北部湾区域贸易自由化进程增添了障碍。本文在深入分析这些因素的基础上,从产业层次角度提出实现区域内贸易自由化的进程模式和方法。 相似文献
45.
Maurice K. S. Tse Frederik I. H. Pretorius K. W. Chau 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2011,42(3):247-274
This paper empirically tests auction theory by examining how the stock market evaluates the outcome of open-bid English auctions
of rights to develop residential real estate projects in Hong Kong. To do so, we deconstruct the complexity surrounding actual
auction events, and empirically isolate the influence of conflicting auction theory predictions using data from expert opinion
around auction events, actual auction event and outcome data, and stock market data. The empirical findings include (1) with
increasing uncertainty bidders reduce bids, thus confirming predictions following the winner’s curse thesis; (2) joint bidding
does not lead to increased bids based on pooled (“better”) information, but instead leads to reduced competition; while increased
competition leads to increased prices at auction, as expected; (3) the market interprets auction outcomes as information events
which function to signal developers’ expectations about future market prospects; but if the winning bid is considered too
high, this interpretation is revised to that of the winner’s curse; (4) with joint bidding and winning, the market’s response
to joint winners is better explained by concern for winner’s curse (despite supposed better informed bids) than the acquisition
of a below cost development project following reduced competition at auction; and (5) the market interprets increased competition
at auction as indicator of the future direction of property price movements in the secondary market—the more intense the competition,
the more positive the future prospect of the property market are seen to be. 相似文献
46.
柴华 《全球科技经济瞭望》2008,23(9)
本文试图从转变外贸增长方式的经济学含义入手,深入探讨转变外贸增长方式的内涵与外延.然后以此为基础,结合国内、国际经济的最新发展形势,讨论了我国转变外贸增长方式的现实意义和面临的历史性的挑战与机遇. 相似文献
47.
Michael Fung Ka Yiu Clement Chow Kong Wing Ken Wan Kai Hong 《Asia Pacific Journal of Management》1999,16(3):351-367
This paper studies the relationship between accounting profits and technical efficiency of manufacturing enterprises in Shanghai during the period 1989–1992 and examines which factors affect the profitability of manufacturing enterprises. We first estimate the average technical efficiency of four major manufacturing industries in Shanghai. Then, we test for the presence of ownership effects of technical efficiency on profits of those enterprises in these four industries. 相似文献
48.
K. C. Fung 《Pacific Economic Review》2003,8(1):57-70
This paper highlights the point that the presence of a foreign union affects significantly the characterization of domestic trade policies, and thus, trade. Specifically, both the objective functions of the foreign union and the nature of interactions between the foreign firm and the foreign union are important determinants of the sign and magnitudes of the domestic trade policies. The importance of the foreign union effect holds regardless of whether the domestic trade policies are politically motivated or whether they are set to maximize national welfare. The foreign union effect is also present with or without a domestic producer. 相似文献
49.
ABSTRACTModeling multivariate time-series aggregate losses is an important actuarial topic that is very challenging due to the fact that losses can be serially dependent with heterogeneous dependence structures across loss types and business lines. In this paper, we investigate a flexible class of multivariate Cox Hidden Markov Models for the joint arrival process of loss events. Some of the nice properties possessed by this class of models, such as closed-form expressions, thinning properties and model versatility are discussed in details. We provide the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for efficient model calibration. Applying the proposed model to an operational risk dataset, we demonstrate that the model offers sufficient flexibility to capture most characteristics of the observed loss frequencies. By modeling the log-transformed loss severities through mixture of Erlang distributions, we can model the aggregate losses. Finally, out-of-sample testing shows that the proposed model is adequate to predict short-term future operational risk losses. 相似文献
50.
Seong Woo Lee Dowell Myers Seong-Kyu Ha Hae Ran Shin 《American journal of economics and sociology》2005,64(2):609-636
A bstract . Despite strong theoretical arguments and models about international migration, very few empirical studies rigorously test these arguments and models. The purpose of the present study is to analyze determinants and consequences for international migration, focusing particularly on the returns to post-hoc international migration. The present study compares residential well-being of Korean international migrants in the United States with that of their hypothetical well-being if they had not migrated. Our suggested models of the selectivity corrected returns to various characteristics for immigrants and nonimmigrants enable us to estimate the "opportunity well-being" of individuals and households; that is, the well-being of immigrants-had-they-stayed and of nonimmigrants-if-they-had-immigrated. The data for our analyses are drawn from the 1990 Korea Census Data and the Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) of the 1990 U.S. Census. In either case of migrants-had-they-stayed or of nonimmigrants-had-they-migrated, international migration to the United States has a significant and positive effect on the probability of homeownership, especially for women. The results show that the predicted probability of homeownership attainment increases as a result of migration by 15 percent to 16 percent for women and by 8 percent for men. The study concludes that migrating to the United States offers better opportunities for homeownership than staying in Korea does, particularly for women. 相似文献