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71.
Flavia Leung 《R&D Management》2010,40(1):4-9
The R&D Management Conference 2008 theme of ‘emerging and new approaches to R&D management’ sought to draw out how R&D‐based organizations today are changing the way they manage (in terms of novel approaches, techniques, models and tools) in face of the challenges and opportunities presented in the current environment. Six keynote presentations by executives, representing both the public and private sectors, elaborated on the following subjects reflecting their experiences on the theme: hyperconnectivity and changing R&D tenets, accelerating discoveries in human health via open access public‐private partnerships, role of government in bridging the innovation gap, building sustainability and innovation in a traditional resource sector, R&D management in the aerospace sector, and leveraging diversity to build a culture of innovation. Their presentations highlighted amongst other things – global trends that are affecting how R&D organizations are operating, economic imperatives driving change in business models, working through partnerships within an open innovation environment, and leveraging the diversity presented by an increasingly globalized R&D workforce for success. Within these presentations are also challenges to researchers to generate new thinking to address current and future problems presented by the R&D environment. The keynote perspectives are summarized in this paper. 相似文献
72.
Qiu hong Zhao Shuang Chen Stephen C.H. Leung K.K. Lai 《Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review》2010,46(6):913-925
This paper addresses some of the challenges faced by a company which is responsible for delivering coal to its four subsidiaries situated along a river, through river hired or self-owned vessels. We propose to adopt a vendor managed inventory concept that involves establishment of a central warehouse at the port, and apply the Markov Decision Process (MDP) to formulate both ordering and delivery problems, considering different transportation modes, costs, and inventory issues. An efficient algorithm is developed for solving the MDP models. Our computational tests show that the proposed strategy can significantly reduce the overall system costs while maintaining smooth Just-in-Time supplies of coal to the subsidiaries. 相似文献
73.
74.
Craig E. Landry Tom AllenTodd Cherry John C. Whitehead 《Resource and Energy Economics》2012,34(1):93-111
We examine the impact of coastal wind turbines on local coastal tourism and recreation for residents of the northeastern coastal counties in North Carolina. A combination of telephone and web survey data are used to assess the impact of coastal wind farms on trip behavior and site choice. Most of the respondents to our telephone survey claim to support offshore wind energy development, and independent survey data suggest that the observed levels of support may be indicative of the broader population in this region. Overall, we find very little impact of coastal wind turbines on aggregate recreational visitation; loss in annual consumer surplus associated with wide spread wind development in the coastal zone is insignificant at $17 (or about 1.5% of annual consumer surplus). Results suggest that NC local coastal tourists are averse to wind farms in the near-shore zone; average compensating variation for wind farms one mile from the shore is estimated at $55 per household. On average, we find no evidence of aversion to wind farms 4 miles out in the ocean, or for wind farms located in coastal estuaries. For all wind farm scenarios, we find evidence of preference heterogeneity—some respondents find this appealing while others find it aversive. 相似文献
75.
We present a valuation framework that captures the main characteristics of employee stock options (ESOs), which financial regulations now require to be expensed in firms' accounting statements. The value of these options is much less than Black–Scholes prices for corresponding market-traded options due to the suboptimal exercising strategies of the holders, which arise from risk aversion, trading and hedging constraints, and job termination risk. We analyze the combined effect of all of these factors along with the standard ESO features of multiple exercising rights, and vesting periods. This leads to the study of a chain of nonlinear free-boundary problems of reaction-diffusion type. We find that job termination risk, vesting, finite maturity and non-zero interest rates are significant contributors to the ESO cost. However, we find that in the presence of vesting, the impact of allowing multiple exercise rights on ESO cost is negligible. 相似文献
76.
Using a bivariate, asymmetric generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model, we examine the patterns of information flows for three financial futures contracts that are dual‐listed on U.S. and Asian markets (i.e., Nikkei 225 Index, Eurodollar, and dollar–yen currency futures). The results indicate that the U.S. market plays a leading role in terms of pricing‐information transmission across markets. In terms of volatility spillover across markets, however, foreign markets seem to play a similar role (e.g., Nikkei Index futures) or even a more significant role than the United States (e.g., Eurodollar futures in Singapore and dollar–yen currency futures in Japan). © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 21:1071–1090, 2001 相似文献
77.
The problem of option hedging in the presence of proportional transaction costs can be formulated as a singular stochastic control problem. Hodges and Neuberger [1989. Optimal replication of contingent claims under transactions costs. Review of Futures Markets 8, 222–239] introduced an approach that is based on maximization of the expected utility of terminal wealth. We develop a new algorithm to solve the corresponding singular stochastic control problem and introduce a new approach to option hedging which is closer in spirit to the pathwise replication of Black and Scholes [1973. The pricing of options and corporate liabilities. Journal of Political Economy 81, 637–654]. This new approach is based on minimization of a Black–Scholes-type measure of pathwise risk, defined in terms of a market delta, subject to an upper bound on the hedging cost. We provide an efficient backward induction algorithm for the problem of cost-constrained risk minimization, whose associated singular stochastic control problem is shown to be equivalent to an optimal stopping problem. This algorithm is then modified to solve the singular stochastic control problem associated with utility maximization, which cannot be reduced to an optimal stopping problem. We propose to choose an optimal parameter (risk-aversion coefficient or Lagrange multiplier) in either approach by minimizing the mean squared hedging error and demonstrate that with this “best” choice of the parameter, both approaches have similar performance. We also discuss the different notions of risk in both approaches and propose a volatility adjustment for the risk-minimization approach, which is analogous to that introduced by Zakamouline [2006. European option pricing and hedging with both fixed and proportional transaction costs. Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 30, 1–25] for the utility maximization approach, thereby providing a unified treatment of both approaches. 相似文献
78.
Recent empirical evidence demonstrates that a higher level of technical progress is associated with a lower level of growth
volatility and higher expected economic growth. This paper builds a simple growth model which combines the insights of Angeletos
and Kollintzas (2000) and Tse (2000; 2001; 2002) with endogenous productivity growth and rent-seeking behavior to account
for these stylized facts. Our model complements the literature that focuses on the heterogeneity of different agents. 相似文献
79.
Jagadish?Guria Joanne?Leung Michael?Jones-Lee Graham?LoomesEmail author 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2005,32(1):113-127
Large disparities between willingness to accept (WTA) and willingness to pay (WTP) based values of statistical life are commonly
encountered in empirical studies. Standard economic theory suggests that if a public good is easily substitutable there should
be no marked disparity between WTA and WTP values for the good, though the disparity increases with reduced substitutability.
However, psychologists have shown that people often treat gains and losses asymmetrically and tend to require a substantially
larger increase in wealth to compensate for a loss than the amount they would be willing to pay for an equivalent gain. Although
most transport projects may aim to improve safety, situations arise when a relaxation of an existing regulation saves resources
but increases the risk of death and injuries. A survey was recently carried out in New Zealand to determine people’s willingness
to pay to reduce road risks and their willingness to accept compensation for an increase in risk. This paper reports the disparity
observed between the two measures and considers some of the problems posed for policymakers. 相似文献
80.
Siu Fai Leung 《Journal of Public Economic Theory》2002,4(4):581-612
This paper presents a theoretical investigation of the dynamic effects of social security on individual consumption, wealth and welfare. The framework of analysis is Yaari's (1965) life–cycle model of saving with uncertain lifetime and borrowing constraint. A simple uniform social security system as well as an actuarially fair and fully funded social security system is considered. The presence of terminal wealth depletion is shown to play a pivotal role not only in the derivation of the results but also in the outcome of the analysis. 相似文献