Individual differences in implicit theories of leadership ability and self‐efficacy: Predicting responses to stereotype threat

Extending research on implicit theories to the leadership domain, we examined how individual differences in belief about the malleability of leadership ability influenced responses to stereotype threat. The study consisted of two time periods. At time 1, we assessed individual differences in implicit theories of leadership ability and self‐efficacy for leadership. At time 2, we activated a stereotype threat in a high‐stakes environment. Results revealed that women reported lower self‐evaluation after a stereotype threat when they had low self‐efficacy and believed leadership ability to be fixed (entity theory) rather than malleable (incremental theory). Results are discussed in terms of how implicit theories generate a network of allied cognitions and emotions that subsequently predict stable patterns of behavior.     

Place identity and sustainable consumption: implications for social marketing

Place identity is a self-identity dimension related to a physical setting. This study measured place identity relating to residential neighborhood, based on levels of attachment, continuity with personal past, perception of familiarity, cohesion and social acceptance. The study examined the proposition that people with strong place identity are committed to their neighborhoods, in turn leading to positive sustainable consumption attitude and behavior. Structural equation modeling empirically verified a theoretical model developed from the environmental psychology, consumer behavior and marketing literatures. A telephone survey was conducted of 409 residents in two suburbs in the Kuala Lumpur metropolitan area, Malaysia. The finding that place identity and commitment to the residential suburb are strong motivational drivers of sustainable consumption-related attitude and behavior has important implications for social marketing.     

Tenacity in design entrepreneurship: how to stimulate entrepreneurial intention

International Journal of Technology and Design Education - Using a mixed methods approach and based on the theory of planned behaviour, the present study investigated the factors determining the...     

The Evaluation of Hotel Website Functionality by Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process

Although previous studies have identified different factors on hotel website functionality evaluation, the evaluation of the relative importance of these factors has not been empirically determined. This study adopted a sophisticated approach that analyzes the weights of hotel website functionality. This approach involved triangular fuzzy numbers and an analytic hierarchy process to develop a fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) model which prioritizes the relative importance of hotel website functionality criteria. First, 20 criteria for hotel website functionality evaluation were developed from a literature review and three focus group interviews. After that, a fuzzy AHP approach was used to examine the relative importance of the criteria and sub-criteria of hotel website functionality evaluation. As human judgments are often uncertain and vague, the use of fuzzy set theory, rather than exact numbers, enables us to capture decision-makers' uncertainty. Finally, the results indicated that “Reservation Information” is the most important criterion to hotel website functionality.     

Is Confucianism Good for Business Ethics in China?

This article examines whether and to what extent Confucianism as a resilient Chinese cultural tradition can be used as a sound basis of business practice and management model for Chinese corporations in the twenty-first century. Using the core elements of Confucianism, the article constructs a notion of a Confucian Firm with its concepts of the moral person (Junzi), core human morality (ren, yi, li) and relationships (guanxi), as well as benign social structure (harmony), articulated in corporate and organizational terms. The basic character of the Confucian Firm is described, and its philosophical and cultural foundation is critically assessed with respect to its moral legitimacy and relevant to today’s China. China’s recent Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) development is a high profile response to global business ethics concerns. Efforts have been made to emulate and develop good business practice fashioned in CSR norms and visions. The so-called “human-based” and “virtue-based” business practices rooted in local cultural heritage have been touted as a Chinese response to this problem. This investigation is particularly relevant in the context of the increasingly prominence of the Chinese corporations (China Inc.) in the wake of the rise of China as a global power. How relevant is Confucianism to the building of a modern Chinese corporation that is willing and able to practice reasonable norms of business ethics? The findings of this discussion, which include the organizational implications of the Confucian familial collectivism, have implications for other Chinese communities (Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore) where Confucian tradition is endorsed and practiced.     

The non-monotonicity of the bias and mean squared error of the two stage least squares estimators of exogenous variable coefficients

Owen (1976) [Owen, A.D., 1976. A proof that both the bias and mean squared error of the two stage least squares estimator are monotonically non-increasing functions of sample size. Econometrica 44, 409–411.] has shown that in a two equation static simultaneous equation model both the bias and mean squared error of the two stage least squares estimator of the endogenous variable coefficient are monotonically non-increasing functions of the sample size. This paper shows that neither property carries over to the exogenous variable coefficient estimator.     

A Study of BYOD adoption from the lens of threat and coping appraisal of its security policy

Why would employees adopt bring your own device (BYOD)? Would employees feel risk-taking to perform their work by using their own devices? Would peer pressure and company policy help encourage their employees to BYOD and how? Using the Technology Threat Avoidance Theory (TTAT), we hypothesize the intention of adopting BYOD is due to the accessing of security policy by threat and coping appraisal. Moreover, we predict perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influence, organizational commitment and job security are essential for formulating the adoption intention. In this study, 450 random employees were surveyed on their adoption perception of BYOD in their respective companies. The results support most of our hypotheses. We uncover perceived cost and privacy protection within the TTAT framework reflect no significance while organizational commitment and job security posit the strongest influences on employees’ BYOD adoption intention. This finding suggested that in order to roll out a successful and sustainable adoption intention on BYOD, organizations must consider measurements to build up employees’ job security as well as generate a strong sense of organization commitment. Specifically, our analyses show adoption intention is also affected by gender, age, and education level.     

How trust and dialogue shape political participation in mainland China

ABSTRACT

This study aims to examine how the perceived propinquity of government (defined by responsiveness and transparency) influences citizens’ perception about government and affects the relationship between political trust and contact-type political participation in mainland China. Specifically, we believe that trust in government’s ability, benevolence and integrity matter more to contact-type political participation under a high level of perceived dialogic propinquity than under a low level. We use PROCESS to analyze third wave data from the Asian Barometer Survey to understand these moderation effects. Based upon the data from 3,472 mainland Chinese citizens, the results show that the more citizens trust their government’s ability, the higher their willingness to conduct contact-type participation under conditions of high perceived dialogic propinquity. Under conditions of low perceived dialogic propinquity, however, trust in government’s ability has no predictive effect on citizens’ willingness to participate in contact-type political activities. Moreover, compared with the dimension of trust in government’s ability, perceived dialogic propinquity fails to moderate the relationships between trust in government’s benevolence and integrity, and contact-type political participation.