全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4138篇 |
免费 | 151篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
财政金融 | 592篇 |
工业经济 | 278篇 |
计划管理 | 676篇 |
经济学 | 993篇 |
综合类 | 21篇 |
运输经济 | 55篇 |
旅游经济 | 57篇 |
贸易经济 | 844篇 |
农业经济 | 127篇 |
经济概况 | 641篇 |
邮电经济 | 6篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 44篇 |
2022年 | 22篇 |
2021年 | 56篇 |
2020年 | 102篇 |
2019年 | 153篇 |
2018年 | 180篇 |
2017年 | 209篇 |
2016年 | 216篇 |
2015年 | 104篇 |
2014年 | 146篇 |
2013年 | 465篇 |
2012年 | 208篇 |
2011年 | 231篇 |
2010年 | 146篇 |
2009年 | 158篇 |
2008年 | 152篇 |
2007年 | 129篇 |
2006年 | 111篇 |
2005年 | 145篇 |
2004年 | 136篇 |
2003年 | 105篇 |
2002年 | 73篇 |
2001年 | 60篇 |
2000年 | 41篇 |
1999年 | 53篇 |
1998年 | 39篇 |
1997年 | 33篇 |
1996年 | 38篇 |
1995年 | 33篇 |
1994年 | 31篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 27篇 |
1991年 | 22篇 |
1990年 | 21篇 |
1989年 | 23篇 |
1988年 | 23篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 18篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 19篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 20篇 |
1980年 | 21篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1977年 | 15篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
1969年 | 11篇 |
1965年 | 9篇 |
1942年 | 10篇 |
排序方式: 共有4290条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
41.
Abstract. The aim of this paper is to estimate the effect of fertility on the decision of labour force participation of married females
in Spain, allowing for the existence of unobserved characteristics that affect both fertility and participation. We use a
pooling of five waves of the European Household Panel for Spain (1994–1998). Results indicate that not taking into account
the unobserved characteristics that affect both variables imposes on average a strong downward bias on the true effect of
fertility on participation. This bias is especially strong for highly educated females.
We are grateful to Raquel Carrasco and an anonymous referee for helpful comments. Financial support from Gobierno Vasco (PI-1999-160)),
Ministry of Education and Science (BE2000-1394), Instituto de la Mujer and Universidad del País Vasco (UPV 00035.321-13511/2001)
is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
42.
We analyze the impact of product diversification on performance. This topic has been discussed in the literature, and there
is no consensus so far as to the significance or the direction of the impact. Performance is measured using Tobin's q for
a sample of 103 large, non-financial Spanish firms (1992–1995). Diversification is measured by means of a categorical variable,
as suggested by Varadarajan. The principal results indicate that the firms with intermediate levels of product diversification
have the highest performance, while the firms with low and high levels of diversification show significantly lower performance,
which performance is not significantly different between them. 相似文献
43.
Manuel S. Santos 《Spanish Economic Review》2002,4(1):1-18
This paper presents a methodology for the formulation and testing of economic growth models. The model selected includes
two production sectors with physical and human capital accumulation. These capital stocks are associated with spillover effects
in the production of the physical good and in the accumulation of both factors. 相似文献
44.
Long memory in volatilities of German stock returns 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
We show that there is strong evidence of long-range dependence in the volatilities of several German stock returns. This will be done by applying a method using the difference of the classical log-periodogram regression estimator for the memory parameter and of the tapered periodogram based estimator. Both estimators give similar values for the memory parameter for each series and this indicates long memory. To support our findings we apply also a methodology using the sample variance and a wavelet based estimator to the data. Also these two methods show clear evidence of long-range dependence in the volatilities of German stock returns.First version received: December 2001/Final version received: March 2003The computational assistance of Eleni Mitropoulou and Björn Stollenwerck as well as the helpful comments of two unknown referees are gratefully acknowledged. Research supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft under SFB 475. Stock returns were obtained from Deutsche Finanzdatenbank (DFDB), Karlsruhe. 相似文献
45.
In the mid-nineties FIFA decided to increase from two to three the number of points assigned to the winning team of a soccer
match played under traditional round-robin national leagues. Since a game of soccer can be regarded as a contest, FIFA's measure
provides an interesting case-study for analysing how a change in the system of rewards (from a zero to a non-zero sum rule)
may affect the contestants' equilibrium behaviour. In this paper we try to assess, both theoretically and empirically, whether
FIFA's new point rule has changed soccer towards a more offensive game, in which teams adopt more risky strategies. In particular,
we evaluate the “na?ve hypothesis” according to which the measure would induce every team to play always more offensively,
and we explore the extent to which the change in teams' behaviour may be affected by quality differentials between teams.
Our most important hypothesis is that when the asymmetry between opposing teams is large enough, an increase in the reward
for victory induces the weaker team to play more defensively, rather than the opposite. By looking at a subset of matches
held in the Portuguese first division league, which approximate the conditions of our model, we find support for this hypothesis.
First version received: July 1999/Final version received: May 2001 相似文献
46.
Seven computerprograms for non-linear regression or curve fitting problems are compared. The comparison of the programs, running in different computing centra, is restricted to the fit performance. Six model functions are fitted according to the least squares criterion to data series, arising from practical work. The special least squares minimization programs turned out to be better suited for these problems than general optimizing programs. 相似文献
47.
This article investigates the role of taxation when public goods are privately provided. Externalities between consumers via the public good are shown to cause kinks in social indifference curves. As a result, a government restricted to income taxation should engineer enough inequality to ensure there are some non-contributors to the public good. Whether commodity taxation changes this conclusion depends on the extent to which consumers "see through" the government budget constraint. If they can, inequality should still be sought. When they cannot, in contrast to the case of an economy with only private goods, commodity taxation can be used in conjunction with income transfers to achieve the first-best. 相似文献
48.
Differences in exchange rate pass-through in the euro area 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper focuses on the pass-through of exchange rate changes into the prices of imports made by euro area countries originating outside the area. Using data on import unit values for 13 different product categories for each country, we estimate industry-specific rates of pass-through across and within countries for all euro members. In the short-run, pass-through rates differ across industries and countries and are less than one. In the long-run neither full pass-through nor equality of pass-through rates across industries and countries can be rejected. Differences exist across euro area countries in the degree that a common exchange rate movement gets transmitted into consumer prices and costs of production indices. Most of these differences in transmission rates are due to the distinct degree of openness of each country to non-euro area imports rather than to the heterogeneity in the structure of imports. 相似文献
49.
Technology-forcing through environmental regulation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andries Nentjes Frans P. de Vries Doede Wiersma 《European Journal of Political Economy》2007,23(4):903-916
This paper analyzes the demand characteristics of innovation in pollution abatement and the interaction between a regulator and a polluter under a technology-forcing policy. Important demand-driven determinants of innovation in pollution control are examined, such as uncertainties surrounding unexplored technologies, the length of the compliance period and the maximum abatement costs the regulator is willing to accept. We derive the formal condition that the regulator balances the marginal utility of emissions reduction against the marginal disutilities of a longer compliance time and the increased uncertainty about the feasibility of a more stringent standard. 相似文献
50.
In this paper I analyze the impact of regulatory policy on prices and demand for mobile telecommunications services across the European Union. I estimate a reduced form model of the mobile industry using panel data for the EU countries from 1998 to 2002. Among others, I find the following effects: liberalization of fixed telephone lines has a negative impact on prices and a positive impact on the demand for mobile services, and the introduction of mobile number portability has a negative impact on prices.*I am grateful to Toker Doganoglu, Gerd Hansen, Eric Kodjo Ralph, Guido Friebel, participants at the 30th EARIE Conference 2003, the 2nd International Industrial Organization Conference 2004 and the 19th Annual Congress of the EEA 2004, and anonymous referees for valuable comments. I would like to acknowledge the generous financial support from the Volkswagen Stiftung and the Munich Graduate School of Economics which made this research possible. All errors are mine.1 Source: European Commission (1994). 相似文献