Working Papers

This section of the Journal lists working papers, technical reports, and monographs published by real estate centers, university real estate departments, and other research organizations. If your organization is not represented in this listing and you would like it to be, please forward a current list of publications, along with information on ordering papers, to the co-editor at the address noted above. This section is in alphabetical order by author.     

Effects of Diversity on Performance: The Effects of Task Type

Diversity has long been assumed to have positive effects on organizational and group performance. Empirical evidence to date fails to support this assumption. The present paper provides a preliminary examination of the effects of diversity on a group task. The data are part of an ongoing study, where individual demographic information and task performance of groups have been collected. Diversity indices for racial and gender diversity are examined to determine the effects they might have on task performance. The instructions of the task, however, vary. In one situation, 2 groups are instructed to compete with one another. In the other situation, 2 groups are instructed to cooperate with one another. T-test ANOVA, and ANCOVA results consistently indicate that task-type influences changes in group-based outcomes. The implications of these preliminary results and future directions of research are discussed.     

Energy Taxes in the Netherlands: What are the Dividends?

In this paper the environmental and economic effects of the introduction of a unilateral energy tax in the Netherlands are analysed using an applied general equilibrium (AGE) model. The effects of a small user energy tax and a general energy tax are compared, while taking into account different tax recycling mechanisms. The model contains a great level of detail with respect to emissions and environmental indicators (greenhouse effect, acidification, eutrophication and waste), which is helpful for assessing environmental quality. The results show that the introduction of a small environmental tax reform not only improves the environment but also raises non-environmental welfare, which is due to an improvement of the efficiency of the tax structure.     

Relative Price Determination in the Medium Run: The Influence of Wages,Productivity, and International Prices

This work explores three critical assumptions of the Balassa-Samuelson productivity differential model for the short and medium run: wage equalization, competitive labor markets, and purchasing power parity. The data reveal violations in these assumptions for France, Germany, Japan, the U.K., and the U.S. Significant wage and unit labor cost differentials exist across industries, and traded and nontraded sectors and these differentials do not diminish over time. The findings are consistent with the presence of industry and/or sectoral-specific human capital.     

尝试正式的TCM

Lisa Jack日前接受采访，讲述了她的研究——探索从农民到零售商的食品供给链条中采纳TCM（目标成本管理）的潜在可能性。     

From R&D to strategic knowledge management: transitions and challenges for national laboratories

The past two decades have witnessed unprecedented changes to national laboratories as they have adjusted to globalized and technology based competition. These transitions are reviewed in the context of how Canada's National Research Council has progressed from an internally oriented R&D organization into a more externally focused innovation organization, now coping with the challenges of strategic knowledge management. The paper traces the steps and paradigms involved in this transition and offers some commentary on the extent of the corporate cultural learning that has been required to effect these changes.