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991.
992.
We use a translog functional form to estimate a stochastic frontier function of cost and profit efficiency (PE) of Ghanaian banks under the Battese–Coelli time‐varying decaying inefficiency parameterization for (unbalanced) panel data. We regressed efficiency estimates on a distance variable controlling for bank size, total cost, and profits. We find that Ghanaian bank PE is worsening, whereas cost efficiency is improving for the period analyzed. Our results show that PE is not related to distance, size, or cost and profitability ratios. Distance is however positively and significantly related to cost efficiency. Cost efficiency is however not influenced by size or cost and profit ratios. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
993.
Sibe Doosje J. A. Landsheer Martijn P. M. de Goede Lorenz J. P. van Doornen 《Quality and Quantity》2012,46(1):267-279
The focus of this study is on the fit between the item content of scales measuring humorous coping and basic concepts of stress and coping theory. To investigate this fit 81 items from seven currently available humorous coping scales have been subjected to a facet analysis, using the tool of a mapping sentence. Three facets derived from stress and coping theory were part of this mapping sentence: external demands, humorous responses and coping aims. Because of the claim that humorous coping may be related to physical health dimensions, special attention has been paid to two health-related coping aims: cognitive reappraisal and response-focused coping responses. Five raters categorized the facets and their respective categories. Some humorous coping scales showed an underrepresentation of “external demands” and “humorous responses” and only a few scales covered the “aims” facet adequately. Reliability and agreement parameters varied considerably among scales, both on facet level and on category level. The Waterloo University Humor Inventory (WUHI) was a positive exception to this pattern. Findings are discussed in the light of specific characteristics of the scales included. Possible improvements of humorous coping measurement in health-related research are proposed, as well as adaptations to the rating procedures. 相似文献
994.
Keith A. Markus 《Quality and Quantity》2012,46(2):559-571
Causal inference using statistical models plays a central role in many areas of behavioral science, but the underlying metatheory of causal explanation remains poorly developed. Mulaik’s work on causation offers a useful foray into this topic. Evaluation of two negative arguments applied to a broad range of theories of causation offer overdue critical assessment of this contribution. More broadly, the critical evaluation of Mulaik’s arguments speak to the need for better integration of substantive theories and statistical models in causal research. 相似文献
995.
Christopher R. Reutzel Carrie A. Belsito 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2012,8(1):1-14
Integrating signaling theory with insights derived from the attention based view, this study addresses the question of which
types of upper echelons ties initial public offering (IPO) markets value more. Specifically, we argue that the signals conveyed
by upper echelons ties with publicly traded firms are perceived by IPO equity markets as more valuable than upper echelons
ties with privately held firms. Additionally, we contend that the signals sent by external directorates with publicly traded
firms are perceived more favorably by IPO equity markets than managerial ties with publicly traded firms. The theory in this
study is tested on a sample of 366 firms than underwent their IPOs during 1997. The results of hypothesis tests provide partial
support for our arguments. 相似文献
996.
This article investigates the order imbalance and price behavior of trades and quotes around isolated informed trades intraday.
Different patterns of order flows around informed trades are documented because of the originating stock exchange, the type
of informed trader, the size of the order, and the type of the firm whose shares are traded. The informed trader acts contrarian
to prior trades. Informed purchases follow price declines, and sales are after price increases. The informed trade is recognized
by the market maker. The purchase is executed at a significantly higher price, while the sale is executed at a significantly
lower price. Trades contain more information if the insiders are at small firms. Larger orders and orders by top executives
also contain more information. The order imbalance changes around an informed trade. Orders are seller-initiated prior to
the purchase and become buyer-initiated after the trade. On the other hand, the order imbalance changes from buyer- to seller-initiated
right around insider sales. Reversals in order imbalance are more pronounced for informed trades in small firms, for larger
trades, and by top executives. There are important policy implications of the results. The recognition of informed trades
by market makers justifies more scrutiny by the Securities and Exchange Commission in order to ensure fair trading. 相似文献
997.
We consider the theory of R-estimation of the regression parameters of a multiple regression models with measurement errors.
Using the standard linear rank statistics, R-estimators are defined and their asymptotic properties are studied as robust
alternatives to the least squares estimator. This paper fills the gap of the rank theory for the estimation of regression
parameters with measurement error models. Some simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the R-estimators. 相似文献
998.
The dynamics of inter-firm networks in the course of the industry life cycle: the role of appropriability 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gerda Gemser Mark A.A.M Leenders Nachoem J. Wijnberg 《Technology Analysis & Strategic Management》1996,8(4):439-454
This paper examines the dynamics of inter-firm networks and introduces a conceptual framework for explaining why inter-firm networks change over time. The framework is based on the idea that patterns of inter-firm linkages are linked to the life cycle development of an industry. Special emphasis is placed on the role of appropriabiliy, i.e. a firm's ability to capture the profits generated by its innovations. The (trans)formation of inter-firm networks in three industries is examined and used to illustrate the relevance of the framwork. One important inference from our study is that public policy makers and manageers should take into account the phase of industry development before implementing policies to create and/or change inter-firm networks. 相似文献
999.
Efe A. Ok 《Economic Theory》1996,7(3):513-530
Summary This paper starts from the premise that the concept of income inequality is ill-defined, and hence, it studies the measurement of income inequality from a fuzzy set theoretical point of view. It is argued that the standard (fuzzy) transitivity concepts are not compatible with fuzzy inequality orderings which respect Lorenz ordering. For instance, we show that there does not exist a max-min transitive fuzzy relation on a given income distribution space which ranks distributions unambiguously according to the Lorenz criterion whenever they can actually be ranked by it. Weakening the imposed transitivity concept, it is possible to escape from the noted impossibility theorems. We introduce some alternative transitivity concepts for fuzzy relations, and subsequently, construct a class of fuzzy orderings which preserve Lorenz ordering and satisfy these alternative transitivities. It is also shown that fuzzy measurement can be used to construct confidence intervals for the crisp conclusions of inequality indices.I wish to thank Ashish Banerjee, Kaushik Basu, Larry Blume, Gary Fields, Semih Koray, Tapan Mitra, Antony Shorrocks, Sinan Unur and two anonymous referees of this journal for insighthul comments and suggestions. I am also grateful to the participants of the 1993 Midwest Mathematical Economics Conference held in University of Wisconsin at Madison and the 2nd International Meeting of the Society for Social Choice and Welfare held in University of Rochester. 相似文献
1000.
Janusz A. Holyst Tilo Hagel Günter Haag Wolfgang Weidlich 《Journal of Evolutionary Economics》1996,6(1):31-42
An economic system which exhibits chaotic behaviour has been stabilized on various periodic orbits by use of the Ott-Grebogi-Yorke method. This procedure has been recently applied to controlling chaotic phenomena in physical, chemical and biological systems. We adopt this method successfully for Feichtinger's generic model of two competing firms with asymmetrical investment strategies. We show that the application of this control method to the particular economic process considered brings a substantial advantage: one can easily switch from a chaotic trajectory to a regular periodic orbit and simultaneously improve the system's economic properties. Numerical simulations are presented in order to illustrate the effectiveness of the whole procedure.The work was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung and by the Polish National Council (KBN) Grant No 2 P302 038 04. 相似文献