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181.
Lori Latrice Martin 《The Review of Black Political Economy》2011,38(2):131-143
Every year, millions of people exit American jails and prisons and attempt to reintegrate into society. Ex-offenders face
many obstacles during the transition. Scholars contend that securing employment is central to a successful transition. A job
that allows an ex-offender to earn an income above the poverty line is especially significant, recent studies have shown.
Consequently, many prisoner reentry initiatives are focused on expanding employment opportunities for ex-offenders. However,
the almost exclusive emphasis on employment as the measurement of economic well-being is short-sighted because it ignores
the importance of financial education and asset ownership. Prisoner reentry programs should include an emphasis on financial
education in addition to an emphasis on employment as a means of reducing recidivism rates and improving the economic well-being
of the ex-offenders and receiving communities. The paper concludes with a discussion of policy implications. 相似文献
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183.
Douglas Martin 《New Technology, Work and Employment》2017,32(2):146-159
Lean working has had a significant impact on the work skills of civil servants. This study examines the impact of lean specifically focusing on ‘decision‐makers’, those civil servants engaged in deciding tax and social security claims. Using qualitative data from trade union members and stewards in two major government departments, this study found significant evidence of deskilling often in the face of dealing with potentially complex legal and factual issues. Using Mashaw's framework of administrative justice, the article argues that management's use of lean was evidence of an accelerated shift to a managerial model of administering tax and benefits where the administrative processes of decision‐making become paramount at the expense of the quality of the decisions made. 相似文献
184.
Sujit Sur Martin L. Martens 《Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l\u0027Administration》2013,30(4):264-279
This study revisits current practice that ownership holding at IPO has a homogeneous impact on IPO performance. Using signalling theory, we develop and test a conceptual model explaining the relationships between the aggregated ownership structure and IPO price premium. We argue that aggregated ownership has a direct effect on issue price premium, and offer specific hypotheses on the effect of the shares sold during the offering by each type of owner on IPO performance. We use archival data from a sample of US firms that issued IPOs between 1996 and 2000 and find a significant direct effect of ownership configuration, namely, heterogeneity in effect of each ownership type on IPO performance as well as interaction effects between different ownership types. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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187.
ABSTRACTAccurate estimation of value-at-risk (VaR) and assessment of associated uncertainty is crucial for both insurers and regulators, particularly in Europe. Existing approaches link data and VaR indirectly by first linking data to the parameter of a probability model, and then expressing VaR as a function of that parameter. This indirect approach exposes the insurer to model misspecification bias or estimation inefficiency, depending on whether the parameter is finite- or infinite-dimensional. In this paper, we link data and VaR directly via what we call a discrepancy function, and this leads naturally to a Gibbs posterior distribution for VaR that does not suffer from the aforementioned biases and inefficiencies. Asymptotic consistency and root-n concentration rate of the Gibbs posterior are established, and simulations highlight its superior finite-sample performance compared to other approaches. 相似文献
188.
Charles H. Cho Martin L. Martens Hakkyun Kim Michelle Rodrigue 《Journal of Business Ethics》2011,104(4):571-587
Astroturf organizations are fake grassroots organizations usually sponsored by large corporations to support any arguments
or claims in their favor, or to challenge and deny those against them. They constitute the corporate version of grassroots
social movements. Serious ethical and societal concerns underline this astroturfing practice, especially if corporations are
successful in influencing public opinion by undertaking a social movement approach. This study is motivated by this particular
issue and examines the effectiveness of astroturf organizations in the global warming context, wherein large corporate polluters
have an incentive to set up astroturf organizations to undermine the importance of human activities in climate change. We
conduct an experiment to determine whether astroturf organizations have an impact on the level of user certainty about the
causes of global warming. Results show that people who used astroturf websites became more uncertain about the causes of global
warming and humans’ role in the phenomenon than people who used grassroots websites. Astroturf organizations are hence successful
in promoting business interests over environmental protection. In addition to the multiple business ethics issues it raises,
astroturfing poses a significant threat to the legitimacy of the grassroots movement. 相似文献
189.
Wenzel Drechsler Martin Natter Peter S. H. Leeflang 《Journal of Product Innovation Management》2013,30(2):298-315
In many firms, the marketing department plays a minor role in new product development (NPD). However, recent research demonstrates that marketing capabilities more strongly influence firm performance than other areas such as research and development. This finding underscores the importance of identifying relevant capabilities that can improve the position of marketing within the NPD process as part of the quest to improve innovation performance. However, thus far, it has remained unclear precisely how the marketing department can increase its influence on NPD to enhance a firm's innovation performance. The results of this study demonstrate that the relationship between marketing capabilities and innovation performance is generally mediated by the decision influence of marketing on NPD. In particular, both marketing research quality and the ability to translate customer needs into product characteristics serve to increase marketing's influence on NPD. This increased influence, in turn, positively contributes to overall firm innovation performance. Hence, these results show that in addition to having the appropriate marketing capabilities, the marketing department must achieve a status in which these capabilities can translate into performance implications. 相似文献
190.
Paul Mwebaze Jim Monaghan Nicola Spence Alan MacLeod Martin Hare Brian Revell 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2010,61(1):97-121
The risk of non‐indigenous plant pests entering the UK via international trade in fresh produce is increasing. The objective of this article is to identify existing and emerging supply sources for UK fresh produce importers and examine the extent to which they could provide invasion pathways. We tested the hypothesis that increased imports of fresh produce from new sources outside the European Union could increase the risks of non‐indigenous insect pests. We use a bio‐economic model approach in which the number of species arrivals is a function of the volume of imports, whereas the volume of imports itself is a function of gross domestic product, relative import prices and seasonality. The study has identified clear trends, which show import volumes of fresh produce and species detections increasing from new supply sources. If this trend continues in the future, then the UK inspection agency should expect to confront species from new suppliers in much greater numbers, given that import volumes of fresh produce are income elastic. 相似文献