A dynamic linear economy with characteristic-based endogenous technical coefficients

We develop a characteristic-based model for the endogenous determination of technical coefficients in a linear economy and use it to describe the dynamics of the economy as driven by changes in knowledge. The use of the characteristic approach to determine technical coefficients makes our model suitable to be interpreted as a first attempt towards the formulation of a formal knowledge-based model of technology.     

营业税改征增值税试点:目标、问题与建议

"营业税改征增值税"的目标主要有消除重复课税、减轻税负、促进服务业的发展与经济结构优化,从上海试点的运行情况看,已取得了一些成效,但在各目标的实现上还存在着一些不足。文章认为进一步扩大改革试点,应遵照以下基本原则:应充分考虑行业与企业的实际需求,发挥行业与企业作为经济主体的能动性;不是取代,而是重构;"营改增"是一个长期过程,不可操之过急;以降低改革成本为方案选择的基本标准。     

What matters and for which firms for corporate governance in emerging markets? Evidence from Brazil (and other BRIK countries)

A central issue in corporate governance research is the extent to which “good” governance practices are universal (one size mostly fits all) or instead depend on country and firm characteristics. We report evidence that supports the second view. We first conduct a case study of Brazil, in which we survey Brazilian firms' governance practices at year-end 2004, construct a corporate governance index, and show that the index, as well as subindices for ownership structure, board procedure, and minority shareholder rights, predicts higher lagged Tobin's q. In contrast to other studies, greater board independence predicts lower Tobin's q. Firm characteristics also matter: governance predicts market value for nonmanufacturing (but not manufacturing) firms, small (but not large) firms, and high-growth (but not low-growth) firms. We then extend prior studies of India, Korea, and Russia, and compare those countries to Brazil, to assess which aspects of governance matter in which countries, and for which types of firms. Our “multi-country” results suggest that country characteristics strongly influence both which aspects of governance predict firm market value, and at which firms that association is found. They support a flexible approach to governance, with ample room for firm choice.     

制度环境对我国区域服务业发展影响的实证分析

本文采用聚类方法按各省份服务业发展水平将我国大陆分成3个区域,再对各个区域分别运用计量经济学方法建立制度和政策对中国各地区服务业发展的影响模型,探求制度因素和区域服务业发展之间的关系.     

如何将创业机会转化为企业绩效 ——商业模式创新的中介作用及市场环境的调节作用

机会识别是创业研究的一个核心话题，然而我们对创业机会的绩效转化机制还缺乏认识。基于交易成本理论和资源依赖理论，通过引入商业模式创新这一概念，本文探讨了在动态变化的环境中企业将创业机会转化为绩效的机制与路径。实证研究发现，创业机会识别能够显著改善企业绩效。本文还分析了商业模式创新中介机会识别对企业绩效的影响，需求不确定与环境包容性削弱机会识别对商业模式创新的影响，竞争强度加强机会识别对商业模式创新的影响。商业模式创新的引入为企业将创业机会转化为绩效提供了现实操作路径，基于交易成本和资源依赖理论的对比分析较好地解释了创业机会与商业模式创新之间的关联，从而为商业模式理论发展做出了贡献。     

Choices and using of washing machines in Chinese households

Rapid urbanization and improvement in living standard skyrocket the demand for washing machines in Chinese households, especially in urban households. This paper discusses the owning rate of different types of washing machines, using frequency, load capacity, factors affect choices of washing machines, etc. in Chinese households and suggest possible strategies in choosing washing machines considering economic expenditure. Quantitative information relates to choice and use of household washing machines was collected through in‐depth interview of the key person who carried out household laundering. A total of 993 households that were randomly selected in eight provinces and a municipality were successfully interviewed. Impeller washing machine is still in a dominate place whereas drum washing machine increasing steadily. Households with higher income tend to buy drum washing machines for their better performances in detergency and superior quality. Load capacity between 4 and 6 kg is very common at present. Larger load capacity is a trend of washing machine choices in Chinese households. Washing machine with better energy efficiency is more popular for its lower expenditure in use. This is more obvious for drum washing machine. Washing machines are often used once every 1 or 2 days in summer, whereas one wash per week and two washes per week are very common in winter. Consumer will expend much more money with the choice of a drum washing machine, not only for paying for the machine, but also for the consumed electricity and water and wastewater discharges in every use.     

新疆不断推进"混改"

从2014年2月10日新疆维吾尔自治区召开发展混合所有制经济推进会开始,到2015年驻疆央企属地法人注册与合资合作有较大突破,混合所有制经济犹如贯穿全局的一条主线,为新疆经济发展增添澎湃动力.     

Micro-level stochastic loss reserving for general insurance

The vast literature on stochastic loss reserving concentrates on data aggregated in run-off triangles. However, a triangle is a summary of an underlying data-set with the development of individual claims. We refer to this data-set as ‘micro-level’ data. Using the framework of Position Dependent Marked Poisson Processes) and statistical tools for recurrent events, a data-set is analyzed with liability claims from a European insurance company. We use detailed information of the time of occurrence of the claim, the delay between occurrence and reporting to the insurance company, the occurrences of payments and their sizes, and the final settlement. Our specifications are (semi)parametric and our approach is likelihood based. We calibrate our model to historical data and use it to project the future development of open claims. An out-of-sample prediction exercise shows that we obtain detailed and valuable reserve calculations. For the case study developed in this paper, the micro-level model outperforms the results obtained with traditional loss reserving methods for aggregate data.     

基于国际经验的中国国家公园气候 变化应对路径

国家公园等自然保护地既是气候变化影响的敏感 区,也是减缓气候变化的重要载体。纵观世界上多个国家气候 变化应对历程发现,国家公园等自然保护地是应对气候变化的 先行者与探索者。而面对气候变化的重要议题,中国国家公园 尚处于初步研究阶段,缺乏系统的应对战略。选取国家公园 气候变化应对开展较早、体系完善及具有特色的6个国家和地 区,梳理其战略、政策与实践经验,从科研、减缓、适应和 教育4个方面总结其应对途径,并提出中国国家公园气候变化 应对的4条路径：充分凝结共识,鼓励多方参与;夯实科研基 础,形成前沿基地;战略规划指导,分级分区落实;适应减缓 并重,提升气候能力。     

西湖风景区水乐洞声景变迁探析

西湖风景区水乐洞作为南宋临安众多山洞之首,从 古至今因声景而闻名。基于文献古籍阅读,梳理出水乐洞历 史变迁的过程及特点;探究其在不同身份(寺观园林、公共园 林、私家园林)的背景下,以“洗心”“洗耳”闻名的水乐洞 如何从名地发展到名胜之地;研究佛教思想、文人骚客、诗词 歌赋及西湖历史发展与水乐声景变迁的多重关系,为水乐洞现 状声景保护和修复、杭州西湖声景遗产的价值认知与宣传提供 基础依据,同时为中国古典园林声景保护和修复、现代园林声 景营造提供思路和引导。