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991.
This article canvasses the arguments in favour of a more active and conciliatory approach to consultation than is generally the case for resource allocation and environmental decision-making in the UK. It looks at the experience of consultation in shoreline management and flood defence decision-making in East Anglia, England. It concludes that there are many different ways of conducting and justifying mediation, but that there are strong social, political and economic arguments for widening the consultative arrangements and ensuring a more face to face participatory role for representative interests. 相似文献
992.
This study investigates the use of hedonic pricing to identify the value of relevant production and type traits for dairy bulls in Alberta. A hedonic pricing model is estimated that considers semen price as a function of individual production and longevily characteristics for a sample of Holstein bulls. The results suggest that the most important characteristics used by Alberta daity producers in valuing dairy bulls are milk volume, protein and fat content, general conformation, body capacity and the popularity of the bull. For a given set of such characteristics, the probability that the bull's semen may be in short supply does not significantly affect the value. This methodology may be used to establish a method of forecasting semen prices for newly proven bulls. The valuation procedure may be easily updated and adjusted as producers'breeding objectives change over time because of the changing economic environment. The results of this analysis suggest that hedonic pricing may be a better method of placing a value on production and type characteristics for dairy bulls than the Lifetime Profit Index currently being used by the Canadian dairy industry. 相似文献
993.
Survey says: Sexual harassment complaints went up about 10% each year between 1995 and 1998! And even worse, 2 out of 3 complaints had some merit! Clearly, organizations need to learn how to manage this issue, not just be compliant with the law. This article provides interpretations of recent Supreme Court decisions for HR practitioners and new methods for managing harassment in workplaces. It may stimulate those who are reading the article to “step outside the box” and be more innovative in their approach to managing harassment in their organizations so as to create self‐sustaining environments where harassment is unwelcome. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
994.
This paper analyzes endogenous variations in aggregate liquidity that arise in standard representative-agent endowment economies. I introduce a natural definition of liquidity, essentially a shadow elasticity, that characterizes the price impact function or bid/ask spread that a small trader would experience. I compute this quantity for some tractable examples and uncover a rich variety of predictions that, in some cases, appear consistent with levels and covariations observed in the data. The results have important implications for the pricing and hedging of liquidity risk. 相似文献
995.
Abstract. Semiparametric Engel curves are used to infer bias in the Canadian CPI as a Cost of Living Index. The budget share of food has long been used as an indicator of welfare. We compare households with the same levels of CPI deflated total expenditure over the period 1978–2000. Differences in the expenditure share of food are attributed to the CPI failing to capture changes in costs of living. We employ a novel econometric approach using a single index penalized linear spline model. Over the period, we find that the CPI overstated changes in the cost of living between 1.33 and 1.86% for the four household types considered. JEL classification: D1, C1 相似文献
996.
A theory for valuing claims on noisy real assets is developed and applied. Central to the theory is determination of the dynamics for the best estimate of real asset value. The dynamics of the value estimate are shown to differ from the dynamics of the true asset value only in the arrival rate of information. The rate of information arrival in the value estimate can be faster or slower than information arrival in the true asset value, which can lead to unexpected outcomes in the valuation and exercise of options on noisy real assets. The theory we develop is illustrated through an application. An imperfectly competitive market for real estate development is examined, in which agents compete over the timing of lead investment. Information spillover and free–rider incentives are shown to cause significant delay in lead investment. Delay together with a competitive response once lead investment has occurred explain observed patterns of development in gentrified urban land markets and multistage development projects. 相似文献
997.
Seeking an effective approach to supporting negotiation through the use of computer technology, we have constructed a prototype
negotiation support system based on the concept of problem structure. Problem structure refers to the characteristics of the
feasible settlement space and efficient frontiers as defined by the joint utility distribution of negotiators' utilities.
Problem structure is recognized as playing a major role in negotiation processes and outcomes. The cognitive complexity and
inherent uncertainty of typical negotiations make it difficult for negotiators to effectively visualize and “navigate” the
settlement space defined by the problem structure. As a result, negotiators often resort to suboptimizing heuristics which
produce inefficient and/or unsatisfying outcomes. It follows that a promising approach to negotiation support is to exploit
the computational speed and graphics capabilities of computer technology to make problem structure and its implications more
accessible. Thus, our prototype is designed to allow negotiators to hypothesize problem structure and to explore and manipulate
the resulting settlement space quickly and easily. Preliminary experimentation has demonstrated the value of this approach
and has suggested areas for extended, comprehensive support. A negotiation process formalism, Cognitive Action Theory, neural
network technology, and computer simulation are well-suited to providing more comprehensive support, and we suggest an architecture
for delivery through NSS. 相似文献
998.
This article examines the effects on wages and employment of the minimum wage in agriculture during the interwar period. It finds that the impact of regulation was to raise the wage for agricultural labourers by 13 per cent when it was (re)introduced in 1924, by 15 per cent in the late 1920s, and by more than 20 per cent in the 1930s. The effect on farm employment was to reduce it by about 54,000 (6.5 per cent) in 1929 up to a peak of 97,000 (13.3 per cent) in 1937. The minimum wage lifted out of poverty many families of farm labourers who remained employed, but it significantly lowered the incomes of farmers, particularly during the 1930s. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Timothy L. Fort 《Journal of Business Ethics》1997,16(3):263-273
The issue of whether religious belief should be an appropriate grounding for business ethics raises issues very similar to those raised in asking whether religious belief should be an appropriate grounding for political morality. In light of that fact that writings in political morality have been a common resource for contemporary business ethics, this paper presents contemporary arguments about the role of religion in political morality while noting the relevance of these debates for business ethics.The paper takes the position that rather than excluding religion from public morality, political morality (and business ethics) ought to take an inclusive, ecumenical approach. To argue this position and to present fully a range of literature normally not studied in business ethics circles, the paper presents and critiques the major contemporary authors in the field of political morality and contrasts them with the inclusionists who seek to keep public grounds open for all moral perspectives. 相似文献