发展结果导向的公共项目绩效管理理念

在公共项目的绩效管理中引入“发展结果导向管理”理论和方法,改变了以往以投入产出理论为基础,注重项目的经济评价的的传统方法。发展结果导向的公共项目绩效管理要求关注项目的长期发展目标,在项目各个阶段致力于与结果相关的对话。运用结果链——投入、活动、产出、产效和影响,以及这些关键要素之间的因果关系进行绩效管理,同时运用绩效管理逻辑框架对项目的绩效进行监测评估。     

大鼠脑缺血后缺血区VEGF表达变化及通心络的影响

目的观察大鼠脑缺血后缺血区VEGF mRNA及蛋白水平随时间表达的变化及通心络对其的影响。方法制备大鼠大脑中动脉梗塞局灶性脑缺血模型,采用RT—PCR法及免疫组化法检测脑缺血后每组实验动物不同时间缺血区VEGFmRNA及蛋白表达的变化以及通心络的作用。结果1、正常大鼠脑缺血后脑组织中VEGFmRNA表达很少,大鼠局灶性脑缺血后VEGF mRNA表达逐渐增强,3d达高峰,缺血7d后叉降至约正常水平。VEGF主要在神经元阳性表达,表达趋势与mRNA基本吻合。2、通心络高剂组VEGF mRNA表达显著增强（p〈0.01,p〈0.05）;通心络各组vEGF阳性神经元数量增加：结论局灶性脑缺血可促进缺血区内源性神经保护因子VEGF高表达;通心络可增强和延长缺血区VEGF高表达,发挥对脑缺血的保护作用.     

Political hazards and entry modes of Chinese investments in Africa

Africa has achieved the fastest growth rate of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) recently. Yet heightened political hazards present substantial challenges to foreign firms in Africa. This study examines the entry strategies that firms may take to mitigate such hazards by exploring the relationship between political hazards and entry mode choices in Africa. We further consider how an investing firm’s host country experience and foreign aid provided by its home country government to host countries in Africa can influence this relationship. In a sample of listed Chinese firms’ investments in Africa from 2000 to 2014, we find that Chinese firms tend to use the joint venture mode when political hazards are high in an African country. This relationship is weakened when they accumulate host country experience and when the Chinese government’s foreign aid to an African country increases. Our findings point to firm-level strategies to mitigate political hazards as well as instruments available to home country governments to help their multinational firms operating in host countries characterized by unstable political environments.     

协同创新组织模式与运行机制的国内外研究综述

在创新驱动背景下,产业升级和经济发展需要实行有效的协同创新。但受限于不适合的合作形式,不完善的运行机制等,现有协同创新效果不明显,协同创新组织模式和运行机制成为学术界研究的重点。本文通过国内外文献回顾,对协同创新的概念界定、协同创新组织模式、协同创新运行机制进行梳理和评述,厘清该领域已取得的研究进展、研究的局限和未来研究的方向,以期为未来研究提供参考。     

山东地区城市天然需求负荷与气温关系研究

作为清洁能源的天然气,近年来在山东的销售量持续增长.天然气的负荷需求主要受地区气象条件、工业企业生产情况、居民生活习惯、价格水平、节假日等多种因素的影响,其中气温是造成城市天然气短期负荷波动的主要原因之一.本文研究山东省天然气市场需求量与气温之间的关系,对天然气日均负荷进行周期分析,找出天然气日均负荷变化与日均气温之间的相关关系,为天然气公司进行地区性天然气计划平衡决策提供基础信息参考.     

地方政府公信力：影响区域经济发展的重要因素

作为一种区域软实力,地方政府公信力是影响区域经济发展的一个重要因素。良好的政府公信力能够为区域经济发展营造公平的市场竞争秩序、促进区域内社会稳定发展以及塑造良好的区域形象。而目前我国一些地方政府公信力存在下降的趋势,在严重影响社会信用环境及地方投资环境的同时,也妨碍了政府与公众之间良好的互动关系的建构,增加了政府管理成本,制约着地方经济的发展。因此,有必要提高政府公信力,为区域经济发展营造一个良好的诚信环境     

Diffusion of mobile telephony: An empirical study in Taiwan

Mobile telephony penetration is a major indicator of mobile telephony diffusion. Taiwan had a mobile telephony penetration of 108% in 2002, ranking first in the world. This study analyzes this accelerated diffusion in terms of growth model and determinants of the diffusion rate. To eliminate the inherent uncertainty associated with choosing the optimal growth model, this study compares the performance of three conventional models, namely Gompertz, Logistic and Bass, to identify the most appropriate model, and to distinguish the forces driving the diffusion rate. Empirical results indicate that the most appropriate model is the Logistic model. Network externalities, which this study shows to be the same as the imitation effect in the Bass model, explain the superiority of the Logistic model. Moreover, market competition, which markedly reduces service prices, is identified as a primary driver of the diffusion rate of mobile telephony in Taiwan. Economic conditions, technological innovation and number of operators are insignificant factors. Finally, mobile telephony is a substitute for fixed-line telephony in Taiwan.     

Does imitation reduce the liability of foreignness? Linking distance,isomorphism, and performance

Research summary : Research demonstrates that foreign firms from institutionally distant countries imitate the practices of domestic firms (i.e., adopt an isomorphism strategy). The conjecture has been that pursuing such a strategy can help foreign firms counteract the deleterious performance consequences associated with institutional distance; yet there is scant evidence of such. This study treats isomorphism as an endogenously selected strategy influenced by institutional distance to examine its performance consequences. Using a dataset of 80 foreign banks from 25 countries operating in the United States, we find that foreign firms from institutionally distant home countries benefit initially from selecting an isomorphism strategy. However, the benefits diminish with experience. Managerial summary : Multinational companies experience great difficulty in managing institutional distance, and research suggests that one way to overcome distance‐related constraints is to imitate the strategies of local companies. Unfortunately, we do not know enough about the performance‐related consequences of engaging in such imitative behavior. This study examines whether imitating local firms improves performance for multinational companies from institutionally distant markets. We find that imitation improves a firm's performance at first; however, with experience those same strategies result in performance decrements. Managers of multinationals should therefore be careful not to get locked into imitative strategies that provide performance benefits upon entry, but that fail to provide benefits over time. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

剔除食品和能源的核心通货膨胀度量方法

文章以2000年1月至2015年5月月度同比CPI分类价格指数时间序列数据为基础建立协整关系和 共特征向量检验。实证分析表明我国CPI分类指数时间序列之间长期存在共同趋势,短期存 在共同周期。因此,在我国使用剔除食品和能源的核心通货膨胀测算方法是不合理的。本文 进一步提出我国中央银行在制定货币政策时,应同时关注官方公布的核心通货膨胀和通货膨 胀,以免使货币政策对食品和能源价格上涨反应不足或反应过度,以及提出我国核心通货膨 胀的测算还应关注CPI结构的建议。