Corporate greening through prosocial extrarole behaviours – a conceptual framework for employee motivation

Scholars in environmental management have called for better grounding of research on corporate greening within established organizational theories. We propose a conceptual framework (including suggestions for operationalizing it) that embeds empirical research within behavioural intent models and the concept of value‐creating prosocial behaviours. We argue that conceiving of corporate greening as a prosocial behaviour in this manner provides an improved understanding of the dominant factors that motivate employees to engage in ecoinitiatives. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

Does Family Control Shape Corporate Capital Structure? An Empirical Analysis of Eurozone Firms

This study investigates the relationship between family control and corporate capital structure considering the dynamic nature of the debt policy and the ownership structure of family firms. Our results show that the sensitivity of debt to fluctuations in cash flow is less pronounced in family firms and highlight that family control increases the speed of adjustment toward target debt. Four dimensions of the family business model explain these results: deviations of voting from cash flow rights, the presence of a second blockholder in the company, involvement of family members in management, and the generation in charge of the business. The weaker negative impact of cash flow on debt is driven by family firms with no control‐enhancing mechanisms, companies with active family participation in management and family businesses that are still controlled by the first generation. By contrast, the more severe agency conflicts between owners and creditors in family firms with a second blockholder lead to more pronounced pecking order behaviour. Furthermore, the higher flexibility in corporate decision‐making of family firms managed by the family and under the influence of the first generation explains why family companies are able to rebalance their capital structure faster.     

Bijdrage tot de kennis van het stoomvaart-verkeer in den Indischen Archipel

The science of commerce is exceedingly complicated. Its branches are so interwoven with each other, that restrictions of law are to be avoided as much as possible.Colquhon.     

Injury-related hospitalizations in 2002 and 2012 in a Mexican rural hospital: differences between indigenous and non-indigenous inpatients

Data are lacking on the extent and distribution of injuries in rural areas. This study aimed at comparing injury-related hospitalizations between 2002 and 2012 at a rural hospital of northern Mexico focusing on differences between indigenous (IP) and non-indigenous patients (NIP). A retrospective design based on the review of records of patients hospitalized with injury diagnoses was used. Information extracted included ethnicity, sex, age, hospital duration, surgical procedures, complications and discharge outcome. Injury data comprised of main diagnosis, mechanism and body part affected. Patterns were stratified by year and ethnicity. Logistic regression was used to determine the probability of being hospitalized for >1 day. Injury-related mortality increased from 0.4% in 2002 to 3.1% in 2012. The proportion of non-indigenous patients hospitalized also increased by 4.5%. Men accounted for two-thirds of all inpatients. Weapon involvement doubled from 16.6% to 33.6%. Almost half of the patients in 2012 were victims of interpersonal violence. Indigenous patients had a 2.7 higher adjusted odds ratios of being hospitalized for >1 day in 2002 (95% CI 1.2–5.7), though the gap was reduced to 1.9 (1.1–3.5) in 2012. While indigenous patients continue to be more disadvantaged than the non-indigenous, the gaps closed in 2012; the reasons behind these disparities need to be further investigated.     

Education and growth with endogenous debt constraints

When future human capital cannot be alienated, households are allowed to borrow up to the point where it is in their own interest not to default. In such a framework, endogenous borrowing limits arise as the outcome of individual rationality constraint. In a model where education is the engine of growth, we show that endogenous borrowing constraints imply global indeterminacy. Comparing outcomes across the various equilibria we show that the relation between growth and yields is hump-shaped. Maximum growth can arise in an equilibrium with binding borrowing constraints, specially if the elasticity of human capital to education spending is large. Deepening financial markets promotes long-run growth in the case of a poverty trap, but not necessarily otherwise. On the methodological side, our approach stresses the importance of studying borrowing limits in general equilibrium, not only in small open economies. Philippe Michel passed away on July 22, 2004. His death is a great loss for his friends and for the overlapping generations and optimal control community.     

Vertically Linked Industries,Product Quality and Minimum Quality Standards

This paper extends the seminal model of vertical product differentiation by Ronnen (1991) to a two‐tier supply chain. While Ronnen considers the duopoly case, we add a vertical structure such that each downstream firm procures an input from a monopolistic upstream supplier. While simultaneous up‐ and downstream regulation in the form of a minimum quality standard restores Ronnen's findings, if only one firm is regulated in the vertical chain, a free‐rider effect results: all the bargaining power is given to the non‐regulated member of the chain, which uses it to free‐ride on the pressure exerted by the regulator onto the other member.