中国西部省区市区域竞争力的评价、问题与对策

文章从资源环境、经济实力、产业市场、对外开放、基础设施、人力资本、科技创新和管理服务八大方面构建包括40个二级指标在内的区域竞争力指标体系,并在此基础上采用了基于主成分分析、层次分析两种方法的组合评价法进行了中国西部省区市区域竞争力的研究.通过计算中国西部11个省区市和东、中、西三大地带的区域竞争力组合指数,分析了西部与东部省市区域竞争力的差异性以及西部省区市区域竞争力存在的问题,最后提出了提高西部省区市区域竞争力的对策建议.     

盐城市沿海滩涂湿地生态服务价值研究

生态服务价值评估,是区域生态安全评估的重要组成部分,对区域可持续发展具有重要的意义。盐城市位于江苏沿海开发战略的最前沿,有西太平洋海岸最大的滨海湿地,具有极高的生态价值。文章分析了盐城沿海滩涂湿地的主要生态服务功能,包括生产功能、调节功能、维持功能、人文功能,通过对不同景观的生态服务价值系数的重新核定,对沿海滩涂湿地生态服务价值进行了评估,计算出沿海滩涂湿地生态服务价值为22287803080元。文章通过生态活度位表征沿海各生态系统单元的自然属性和经济属性的相对大小,结果表明经济属性响水>东台>滨海>射阳>大丰。文章对沿海滩涂湿地生态服务价值的核算,不仅是对盐城沿海经济发展的生态屏障的评估,也是为了更好的贯彻《江苏沿海地区发展规划》,实现江苏沿海地区经济、社会、环境的和谐发展。     

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) in Construction Schedule Risk Assessment

Construction project scheduling is one of the most critical factors for project success measurement.Not only for the project planning but for construction process management,the scheduling is the basic tool for communication between the owner and the project manager.By developing the schedule before the project starts,the owner knows in advance that the expected timeline of the project.By preparing construction process scheduling,the owner and general contractor can better manage the subcontractors,sub-trades progress,materials storage and deliveries,labors schedule and equipment set up which will eventually save time,money and hassle.Basically,Critical Path Method(CPM) is commonly used in the construction industry.CPM is a deterministic method that assumes that through the network,there is at least one path that determines the project duration and that the path is the critical path.CPM does not consider the uncertainty in the activities;rather it assumes that each activity can be finished in the given situation.Program Evaluation and Review Technique(PERT) is a stochastic technique which is based on the assumption that the duration of a single activity can be described by a probability density function.PERT takes into account the uncertainty during the construction process and has been created out of the need to plan,schedule and control complex projects with many uncertainties.The PERT approach is stated in some books and papers,but there is no deep investigation on the application in the schedule risk assessment.This paper investigates the PERT work process and takes a valuable try on the construction schedule risk assessment by using case studies.The utilization in the estimate the construction liquidated damage with the uncertainties is performed,which also can be used in the insurance company to calculate the insurance premium.     

Transaction costs and crop marketing in the communal areas of Impendle and Swayimana,KwaZulu-Natal

High transaction costs are detrimental to the efficient operation or existence of markets for inputs and outputs. The cost of information and the costs associated with the search for trade partners, the distance to formal markets and contract enforcement are likely to influence the marketing of food crops. This study hypothesises that the level of income generated from food-crop sales by small-scale farmers in the Impendle and Swayimana districts of KwaZuluNatal is influenced by transaction costs and certain household and farm characteristics. Regression analysis shows that the depth of marketing methods is significantly influenced by transaction cost proxies, such as cooperation with large commercial farmers and ownership of means of transport. Results from a block-recursive regression analysis show that the level of crop income generated is determined by the depth of marketing methods, the size of allocated arable land and off-farm income. Households with lower transaction costs, sizeable allocated land and off-farm income can be expected to generate higher income from food crops. Investment in public goods such as roads, telecommunications and an efficient legal system (to uphold commercial contracts), as well as farmer support services (input supply, extension, marketing information and research), would probably raise farm and non-farm income by reducing transaction costs. This would increase the effective demand for locally produced goods and services, thus contributing to rural employment and livelihoods within rural communal areas.     

DEA APPLIED TO A GAUTENG SAMPLE OF PUBLIC HOSPITALS1

The research presented in this paper provides an analysis of the delivery of a few health care services by the public sector in Gauteng, South Africa. The data for the study was especially difficult to collect, suggesting the need for hospital level data information systems, as well as staff who are trained to analyze the information collected. The empirical results from the analysis suggest that services provided by small‐scale medical facilities waste fewer resources, while medical centres offering more technical services, such as surgeries, also appear to deliver medical services more efficiently.     

河北省沿海与内陆经济差异与协调发展研究

文章主要采用区位商、泰尔指数分解等方法对河北省沿海与内陆之间的区域经济差异的总体特征和空间特征进行量化分析,得出下列结论：近年来河北省沿海与内陆地区的经济发展差距不断扩大,并且对河北省整体经济发展差异的贡献逐年增加。并在此基础上探讨了差异的形成原因,提出了沿海与内陆经济协调发展的相应对策。     

转变经济发展方式进程测评体系构建

我国多次提出转变经济发展方式,但对如何测度和评价转变经济发展方式的进程和成效还研究的不够。本文通过分析转变经济发展方式的核心、目标和措施,并结合国家、部门和地方国民经济及社会发展统计制度,遵循统计指标体系设计的一般规律、规范及标准,运用量化分析方法,从经济发展状况、发展动力、资源环境支撑和发展质量四个维度构建了转变经济发展方式的"测度与评价体系"(测评体系)。测评体系应突出以人为本,追求全面、协调和可持续发展,更应关注人的安全、权利公平及人的全面发展,以便为动态测评转变经济发展方式演化进程提供一个客观、科学和较普遍适用的工具。     

Recreation Vehicles: The Economics of Ownership

A breakeven point analysis of selected modes of recreational travel in which the costs of ownership and travel use of representative self-contained recreation vehicles are compared with the costs of lodging and travel by private automobile.