20世纪三四十年代民国政府对甘宁青畜牧业的开发述论

20世纪三四十年代民国政府对甘宁青畜牧业采用近现代科技成果,进行了畜种改良,兽疫防治,畜产品开发等措施,使畜牧业步入了近代化历程。这些举措在一定程度上有利于当地经济的发展,促进了畜牧业开发进程,特别是在抗战期间增强了后方经济实力。     

行业协会法制建设和内部治理结构

通过对德国、法国、日本的行业协会进行相关的研究,发掘它们的共同特征,并与中国目前的行业协会发展状况进行比较,可得出一些适合中国行业协会法制建设与内部治理结构发展的启示.     

Mixed ownership reforms and the transparency of nonstate-owned enterprises: Evidence from China

This paper takes Chinese Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share nonstate-owned listed companies from 2008 to 2019 as samples to study the impact and mechanism of state-owned capital participation on the transparency of nonstate-owned enterprises. The results show that state-owned capital participation has a significant positive impact on the transparency of nonstate-owned enterprises. In terms of the mechanism of action, state-owned capital participation positively impacts corporate transparency by increasing investors' attention. Further research finds that the positive effect of state-owned capital participation on foreign-funded enterprises and enterprises with few financing constraints is more prominent.     

The two-way interaction between population aging and industrial transformation

This study examines the relationship between the labour-force age structure and industry composition in a multi-region and multi-sector framework. Relying on a panel dataset of Chinese provinces, the simultaneous equations model reveals two-way influences between age and industrial structures. Population aging induces a (an) reduced (increased) secondary-sector (tertiary-sector) employment share. The industrial structure then changes the age structure of the local labour force via the migrations of young workers as non-agricultural sectors expand. With an improved Leslie model, we predict a province-level population aging and industry structure trend. Accordingly, municipalities, developed coastal provinces and the three northeastern provinces face greater pressure from population aging and a rapid structural, industrial transformation. Further considerations of the ‘two-child policy’ via simulation results show that relaxed birth restrictions could slow population aging in some but not all these provinces.     

钢的快速球化退火

本文介绍了几种快速球化退火工艺及其原理和应用。     

How crop insurance influences agrochemical input use: Evidence from cotton farmers in China

Crop insurance is critical in risk management in global agricultural production (e.g. by helping stabilise farmers' incomes in the long term and reducing risk-bearing costs). In this paper, using field survey data on cotton farmers in Xinjiang, China, we examine the influence of crop insurance on farmers' behaviours regarding agrochemical inputs and aim to investigate the synergy between crop insurance and reductions in fertiliser and pesticide usage. We find evidence that crop insurance significantly negatively affects farmers' use of fertilisers and pesticides, as well as significantly positively affects their adoption of green agricultural technologies (GAT) that can replace or complement traditional fertilisers and pesticides. Moreover, our results reveal that compared with small-scale farmers, crop insurance has a stronger effect on large-scale farmers' use of agrochemicals. Finally, when the insured amount is higher or the relative deductible is lower, farmers are more likely to reduce fertiliser and pesticide usage and adopt GAT. Overall, this paper scientifically identifies crop insurance can improve farmers' agrochemical input behaviour, by reducing farmers' use of traditional agrochemical inputs and increasing their adoption of GAT, which is of great significance for ensuring the safety of the agricultural ecological environment.     

Firm performance and economic development: Evidence from a unique dataset of China

Using a unique firm-level dataset from 2007 to 2015, we investigated the characteristics and trends of China's economic development from the perspective of firm performance. We found that China's economic development in the recent decade has made the following achievements: less reliance on investment for growth, enterprises’ deleveraging, a more competitive market environment and improvement in labour income distribution. Yet, it still faced severe challenges, such as increasing tax and fee burdens, high employment pressure, low total factor productivity (TFP) growth rate, and how to realize the coordinated development of the economy and environment.     

风险区划下棉花“保险+期货”定价与运行机制分析——以山东省为例

目的 棉花“保险＋期货”模式的出台对保障棉农收入起着至关重要的作用，但随着地区差异性增强、生产成本上升、目标价格统一不变等问题的出现导致该模式的作用有所减弱。方法 文章基于2021—2022年棉花期现货价格数据，运用蒙特卡洛模拟法计算统一费率，运用熵值法对各地级市棉花价格风险进行综合评价，并运用聚类分析法对棉花种植区域进行风险区划。结果 （1）棉花价格风险主要集中于鲁西北和鲁西南地区，专业化程度是产生价格风险的主要原因；（2）修正目标价格和保险费率后，高风险区和次高风险区目标价格高于全省平均水平，保险费率增长速度随保障水平提高而降低；（3）通过构建期货市场、现货市场与保险公司的信息联动机制，拓宽了信息交流的渠道。结论 为更好地发挥“保险+期货”保障农民收入的作用，提出针对不同风险区域，实施精细化产品设计；多方主体相互配合，减轻地方政府保费压力两点建议。     

The combined effects of positive and negative affect on job satisfaction and counterproductive work behavior

Management researchers have paid more attention to the role of affect in the workplace in the last two to three decades. While it is clear that positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) should be associated with positive and negative employee attitudes and behaviors, respectively, we know little about their combined effects. In this study, we provide preliminary evidence concerning the potential complexity of the interplay between PA and NA in affecting job satisfaction and counterproductive work behaviors (CWB). Results of polynomial regression analyses from a sample of 216 employees showed that congruence of PA and NA at high level leads to the higher level of job satisfaction and CWB than they are congruent at low level. For incongruence situations, PA higher than NA leads to higher level of job satisfaction and a lower level of CWB than when NA is higher than PA. Theoretical implications, limitations and future directions are discussed.

     

中国西瓜甜瓜生产区域布局变迁及驱动因素研究

目的 中国是西瓜甜瓜生产和消费大国，其产业发展对于保障城乡居民鲜果消费和带动农户增收非常重要。方法 文章系统梳理了1961年以后中国西瓜和甜瓜产业变迁史，运用重心模型分析中国西瓜和甜瓜生产重心演变轨迹及优势主产区变化，解析其区域布局变迁背后的影响因素。结果 （1）1961年以来中国西瓜甜瓜产业发展划分为缓慢发展期、快速发展期、全面增长期和结构调整期4个阶段。（2）20世纪90年代以来，中国西瓜生产重心整体比较稳定，向西南移动了196.82 km，中国甜瓜生产重心变化剧烈，整体向西移动了545.64 km。（3）进入21世纪以来，中国西瓜和甜瓜东北优势区地位逐渐下降，西北优势区发展快、潜力大。（4）自然禀赋、科技创新、产业政策及消费需求升级是中国西瓜和甜瓜产业区域布局变化的主要影响因素。结论 针对中国西瓜甜瓜产业发展面临的现实需求与制约瓶颈，提出未来要提升农业生产“三品一标”能力，加大产业科研资金投入，创新绿色技术，提高机械化水平，加快产销模式变革和业态功能创新，推动西瓜甜瓜产业高质量发展。