浅谈医药企业贯彻实施ISO9000标准

简要论述了医药企业贯彻实施ISO9000的必要性,就如何开展贯标工作提出思路,并建议在贯标中应注意的问题。     

Evolutionary and socio-cultural influences on feelings and attitudes towards nature: a cross-cultural study

Mounting environmental issues have prompted reconsideration of the human–nature relationship. Accordingly, attitudes to nature, as an important dimension of human–nature interactions, have become a research focus. How feelings and attitudes towards nature are influenced by evolutionary and social-cultural constructions, and whether there is variation between different cultural groups, demands more attention. Using a survey of visitors to two very different National Parks, the New Forest National Park, England and Jiuzhaigou Scenic Area, China, this paper shows that of nationality and living environment, differences between the two nationalities were significant in respect of both attitudes and feelings. Specifically, it demonstrates that the biophilia thesis, which purports that people have an innate and a genetically inherited need for affiliation with nature, is influenced by their socio-cultural environment, in particular their national culture, but also by their current living place. The study contributes to our understanding of sustainable tourism in natural areas.     

Influence Allocation Methods in Group Decision Support Systems

Influence allocation processes are voting and opinion aggregating methods that allow members to distribute some or all of their decision making influence to others in the group in order to exploit not only the group's knowledge of the alternatives, but its knowledge of itself. Only with the common use of group decision support systems (GDSS) has their use become practical. In this paper we reconsider SPAN, an influence allocation process introduced by MacKinnon (1966a). Experimental comparison shows SPAN to be significantly better at selecting a correct option from a set of options than two common voting methods. An alternative influence allocation process that we call RCON (Rational Consensus), is based on a weighting method proposed by DeGroot (1974) and has been explicated as a normative standard for combining opinion by Lehrer and Wagner (1981). The judgmental inputs to SPAN would appear to be logically related to those for RCON. Submitting the SPAN inputs from the experiment, transformed in this logical way, to the RCON process results in somewhat better performance than with SPAN. However, evidence indicated that the two methods are conceptually and psychologically sufficiently different that an experimental comparison is needed between them.     

高校附属医院人力资源柔性管理应用的探索

现代高校附属医院的人力资源管理已成为医院管理者日益关注的重要课题。本文分析了高校医院人力资源管理的现状,并针对现状提出了柔性管理在高校医院人力资源管理中应用的探讨。     

论风险导向内部审计在企业的应用

本文旨在探讨企业实施风险导向内部审计的要点,文章阐述了风险导向内部审计理论的基本涵义和在企业管理中的重要作用;分析了企业实施风险导向内部审计的程序和要点;提出了风险导向内部审计对企业单位内部审计机构和内部审计人员的重点要求。     

会计国际化发展对银行监管的影响

近年来会计国际化趋势日益明显,国际财务报告准则越来越成为全球化的会计准则。会计的国际化必然会对各国经济管理产生重要的影响,其中对银行监管的影响尤为显著。为有效应对会计国际化的影响,我们有必要对会计国际化发展对银行监管的影响进行深入的分析,以便更好地协调会计与银行监管之间的关系,保证银行监管工作的顺利开展,维护银行体系的稳定。     

携程旅行网春秋国旅网e龙旅行网内容交付性研究

旅行电子商务网站成功的关键因素之一是能否提供满足消费者需求的内容,基于瑞奇曼（Rachman）和布奇南（Buchanan）的研究方法,对国内三个著名旅行网站的内容交付性进行了研究,讨论了我国旅行电子商务网站在内容建设方面存在的问题以及改进的方法。     

The influence of activity importance and similarity on perception of recreation substitutes

Abstract

This study examines how substitutes are selected for a fly‐angling and camping recreation activity. Results show that although people choose substitutes similar to their intended activity, the degree of similarity between substitute and original is unrelated to perceived quality of substitute. Also, both the quality of a substitute and the number of available substitutes are inversely related to the importance of an activity's attributes. The lack of a relationship between activity/substitute similarity and quality of the substitute poses problems for application of the substitutability concept.     

Short Sales and Price Discovery in the Hong Kong Real Estate Market

Indirect real estate (IRE) returns are often shown to lead direct real estate (DRE) returns. Apart from differences in liquidity, transaction costs, and management skills, the DRE market is also less complete than the IRE market—when negative shocks arrive, one can only short IRE (e.g., real estate stocks or REITs), but not DRE. This study investigates if short sales in the IRE market convey any information to the DRE market. Based on high‐frequency (weekly) property price data in Hong Kong from 2000 to 2012, we find that short sales in the IRE market led DRE returns, even after controlling for the lagged IRE returns in a VAR model. This supports an information spillover mechanism in which the DRE market learns private information that is not reflected in IRE returns. The spillover effect, however, weakened after the recent global financial crisis because the increased uncertainty over the credibility of individual firms made short sales more reflective of firm‐specific information than real estate market fundamentals.