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11.
Considerable experimental evidence suggests that non-pecuniary motives must be addressed when modeling behavior in economic contexts. Recent theories of non-pecuniary motives can be classified as altruism-, equity-, or reciprocity-based. We outline the qualitative differences in prediction these alternative explanations yield in a gift-exchange game. We estimate and compare leading approaches in these categories, using experimental data. We then offer a flexible approach that nests the above three approaches, thereby allowing for nested hypothesis testing and for determining the relative strength of each of the competing theories. In addition, the encompassing approach provides a functional form for utility in different settings without the restrictive nature of the approaches nested within it. Using this flexible form for nested tests, we find that intentional reciprocity, distributive concerns, and altruistic considerations all play a significant role in players' decisions. 相似文献
12.
The paper hypothesizes that diversification by firms based in the pharmaceutical industry during the 1977-86 time period was primarily undertaken to reduce the risks associated with being dependent upon a technologically dynamic environment. Consistent with this non-efficiency motive for diversification, declining economic performance is predicted. A longitudinal empirical analysis provides support for these propositions. 相似文献
13.
This study examines effects of four combinations of accounting bases and service levels — GAAP and income tax bases, and audit and review service levels — on loan officers' decisions, both separately and in interaction. It examines effects on loan decisions and perceptions of interest rates, default risk, confidence, and usefulness. The interaction of accounting basis and service level significantly affects perceived confidence but does not affect other decisions. Accounting basis and service level separately affect interest rates, default risk, and report usefulness, but do not affect the loan decision. 相似文献
14.
This study analyzes the performance effects of proprietary, multihospital systems. It is shown that the organizational structure of these systems may affect the operating costs of member hospitals. Estimating a cost function for Florida hospitals and controlling for other factors, the average costs of HUMANA hospitals are empirically about 17 percent lower, while the costs of other leading chains are about 12 percent lower than not-for-profit institutions. These results contrast with earlier studies that found no such differences. Furthermore, the cost differential that exists between system and non-system hospitals can be largely attributed to technical efficiencies arising from chain ownership. 相似文献
15.
Gary A. Dymski 《International Review of Applied Economics》2005,19(4):439-457
This paper suggests one set of mechanisms that ties financial globalization processes to local dynamics of financial inclusion or exclusion. Specifically, this paper explores the worldwide reconsideration of financial firms’ strategies that has accompanied financial globalization. It is shown that the neoliberal and asymmetric‐information approaches to credit markets and financial crises in developing economies overlook these dimensions of financial globalization because of their tendency to focus on representative credit markets. Banks’ strategic shift has led to the global homogenization and stratification of financial practices—and this in turn has been a key driver of processes of financial exclusion. Financial exclusion then involves bifurcation within financial markets, so that different markets serve different portions of the household and business population. This analysis suggests a reconstruction of Minsky’s microfoundational model of the origins of financial fragility and crisis, which shifts from Minsky’s emphasis on a representative borrower–lender relationship to a situation of borrower–lender relationships in bifurcated markets. 相似文献
16.
Jixia?Yang Gary?J.?CastrogiovanniEmail author Robert?Justis 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2005,1(1):9-25
This article focuses on the structuring of the corporate headquarters in a franchise organization. Four essential issues that are related to franchisors organizational structure are discussed—homogeneity and heterogeneity of franchisors structure, company-owned and franchise arrangement, the dynamics between strategy and structure, and performing innovative and administrative functions simultaneously in the headquarters. Propositions are given for each issue. The results of qualitative analysis associated with each issue are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Gary J. Castrogiovanni George S. Vozikis Timothy Mescon 《The International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal》2007,3(2):205-215
Business school deans’ feelings about the importance of various teaching research and service activities in the roles played
by holders of endowed chairs in Entrepreneurship were contrasted with the views of chair holders themselves, based on their
experiences. Differences were highlighted and discussed. Results suggest that the chair holder role is negotiated between
multiple constituencies, with deans’ influence being strong but limited. Implications for individuals aspiring to hold chairs
are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Ekkehart Boehmer Gary C. Sanger Sanjay B. Varshney 《Journal of Economics and Finance》2004,28(1):117-131
Given the decision to create a second class of stock through a dual-class structure, we propose that management is more (less)
likely to create a liquid secondary market for both classes of shares the lower (higher) its willingness to tie its personal
wealth to firm performance. If market makers recognize this relation, they should assign a higher likelihood to trades motivated
by superior information in shares of firms that list both classes of stock and a lower likelihood for firms that list only
one class of stock pursuant to recapitalization. Additionally, they should assign a lower likelihood to trades motivated by
superior information in shares of IPOs that choose a dual-class structure and list only one class relative to IPOs that remain
single-class. Our empirical tests based on IPOS and recaps between 1985 and 1988 provide support for these propositions. 相似文献
19.
20.
Gary Lilien 《上海管理科学》2002,(2):4-5
如何建立真正有助于提高生产力的模型,我做了一些观察,我将举一些例子来说明这些观察是怎样发挥效用的.我用经过实践判别的,参数化了的人员销售拓展模型,来解决Syntex公司面临的课题,用消费者意见模型和品牌健康经验参数模型来解决小包装商品的一些问题.Syntex应用模型是一系列主观参数模型,帮助Syntex实验室确定他们的销售能力规模和人员销售拓展能力.消费者意见模型利用店铺的扫描系统,对那些数据进行实时的估计,得出市场变化各部分对于整个市场份额的贡献值,这些市场变化包括营销组合各个变量(价格、促销、配送、广告等)和产品属性(品牌、喜好程度、包装类型等).通过调查,我比较了消费者的意见和建议,因为这仅仅决定于消费者在超市、药房和大卖场购买了什么. 相似文献