Sustainable natural resource use in rural China: Recent trends and policies

In this paper we provide an overview of recent trends in the availability and quality of land and water resources in rural China, and examine the common presumption that rural resources are rapidly degrading in China. Data based on consistent definitions and measurement methods that have recently become available are used to that end. In addition, we analyse the impact of new policy initiatives to introduce market-based instruments and new institutions to address land degradation and water scarcity problems.We find that the decline in cultivated area has accelerated in the beginning of the new century. Ecological recovery programs, not urbanization and industrialization, are the major factors causing this decline. Ecological recovery programs are also a major force behind the increase in forest land area and the reduction of water erosion. Modest successes can be observed in the protection of wetlands and (until the mid-1980s) for the average quality of cultivated land. On the other hand, degradation of natural grassland and wind erosion have become much more severe in recent decades.In northern China, particularly in the 3-H (Hai and Luan, Huai and Huang) river basins, the availability of water has tightened. Groundwater tables have fallen considerably in the Hai river basin, because farmers increasingly rely on groundwater for irrigation. Evidence on other parts of northern China is mixed. Pollution of surface water is getting worse since the beginning of the 1990s in two major lakes in southern China and until recently in the rivers in northern China. Water quality problems in the larger rivers in southern China are less severe and getting less. These problems are to a large extent caused by agriculture-based non-point source pollution, especially in the major lakes and reservoirs.The sloping land conversion program, water pricing, and the establishment of water user associations and payments for environmental service projects are used as cases to examine the introduction of market-based instruments and new institutions. We argue that less government interference in the implementation of these instruments and institutions is likely to enhance ecological as well the economic benefits. Moreover, supportive measures to improve the functioning of land and labor markets are usually needed to ensure the sustainability of the impact of interventions.     

基于供应链运作的延迟战略研究

<正>一、引言随着社会化生产力水平的不断提高,信息化、网络化和经济全球化的迅速发展以及社会的不断进步,消费者需求呈现个性化、多元化的趋势。产品更新周期缩短,商业利润和风险的机会也呈指数级增长,企业面临着缩短交货期、提高产品质量、降低成本和改进服务的压力,这     

加快推进自主创新发展高新技术产业——安徽省高新技术产业发展调研

近年来,安徽省加快推进自主创新,发展高新技术产业的态势喜人,发展成就显著,但也存在着诸多问题。导致问题的原因有：体制和机制改革不到位,创新发展步伐不快;高新技术产业发展处于初始发展阶段,市场发育不成熟;区住优势不明显,缺少接受外来资源和信息的有效措施。因此,应建立和完善各项政策保障制度,实施知识产权战略,不断提高专利管理水平;大力推进科技合作,加快科技成果与技术引进;加强宣传力度,努力营造创新创业的良好氛围。     

股票期权、激励机制衍生综述与引申

股票期权回溯是指公司通过观察过去某一时期的股票价格,然后将期权的授予日期倒填至股价较低的某一日期的行为。这一行为为股票期权的获得者提供了尽可能大的获利空间。股票期权回溯是股票期权激励机制衍生出的问题,国外学者从期权回溯的内在动机、产生因素、经济后果、期权回溯调查的市场反应以及期权回溯的有效治理等方面对其进行了研究。     

深圳:发展与特大城市定位相匹配的均衡产业结构

未来30年,深圳应实施湾区发展战略,以深圳湾为内核,通过沿珠江东岸向两翼扩展,把深圳建设成为一个世界级超大规模的现代化城市,加快形成与特大城市定位相匹配,包含传统优势制造业、高新技术产业和现代服务业快速发展的三位一体超大型产业综合体。深圳的内核产业圈要形成五体并重的格局:新兴产业与传统产业并重、研发设计与加工制造并重、国内市场与国际市场并重、现代服务与制造基地并重、都市产业与郊区生产并重。还要加快深莞惠合作产业圈建设,构成世界级超大规模产业综合体。     

物流企业人力资源准备度评价指标体系的构建

通过对物流企业人员流失和人力资源准备度进行分析,基于平衡计分卡和360度考核方法构建了物流企业人力资源准备度的关键绩效考核指标,通过对指标的量化考核,不断完善企业人力资源准备度相关流程,最终提高物流企业人力资源准备度的有效性。     

海绵铜常压-加压两段硫酸浸出工艺研究

研究了海绵铜常压-加压两段硫酸浸出工艺。结果表明,海绵铜在室温、液固比6∶1、浸出时间1h的条件下,铜常压浸出率约50%;常压浸出渣在120℃、液固比9.5∶1、浸出时间3 h、氧分压0.4 MPa的条件下,铜加压浸出率99.4%,常压-加压两段总浸出率高达99.7%。     

基于财务视角的我国高校债务化解问题对策探讨

高校持续扩招,实现了我国高等教育跨越式增长,但是高校的贷款扩建、新建,形成了巨额负债,影响了健康发展。化解高校债务问题,应从政府、高校及学校资金管理多方面采取措施,从根本上解决高校发展中的债务问题,探寻高校持续健康的发展路子。     

政策因素在实现生态工业园有效管理中的作用研究

在“政府主导”管理模式的大背景下,我国生态工业园的发展极大程度上依赖于生态工业园管委会的有效管理,而有效管理的实现离不开政策规范的有效指导.政策因素对园区实现有效管理的影响机制开始获得广泛的关注.文章作者站在园区管委会的角度,通过构建实现生态工业园有效管理的影响因素模型研究政策因素如何影响管委会对园区的有效管理,并通过对我国部分园区调研获取的数据进行实证分析予以验证.研究结果表明,政策因素主要通过行为实践来促进园区的有效管理,其中外部政策维度会通过内部政策维度来正向影响管委会行为实践的两个维度:园区主体行为规范和因区客体建设,促进管委会对园区主体和客体的有效管理,带动园区的健康稳定发展.