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31.
B. L. Myers Ph.D. N. L. Enrick Ph.D. A. J. Melcher Ph.D. 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1974,2(1):249-261
The efficiency of a research design may be measured in terms of the degree to which knowledge is enhanced within given resource
constraints. Thus, two different types of research design, even though they contain the same number of expected observations,
may differ considerably in the amount of information provided. An example is the number N of 32 observations obtained with
an analysis of variance witheither 2 factors, 2 levels per factor and a replication of 8or 4 factors, 4 levels per factor and a replication of 2. We analyze and compare the relative efficiencies of regression and
variance analysis models and their implications to research strategy development. Three major considerations are evaluated:
(1) short versus long time horizon (interval until effects of a decision are realized), (2) small versus large cost of erroneous
rejection of the Null Hypothesis and (3) gross versus refined stage of development of the research study. A set of general
guidelines towards improved designs is developed. 相似文献
32.
Prof. Dr. B. Goudzwaard 《De Economist》1972,120(1):1-26
Summary The object of this article is the relation between economic science and the idea of progress in western civilization. That relation can clearly be observed in classical economic theory (influenced by the Enlightment) and the modern theory of growth (Golden Age Economics). The author rejects any identification of economic progress with an unlimited increase of GNP. He proposes a link between the idea of economic progress and the divine mandate of stewardship, which implies that the inter-subjective scarcity of non-renewable resources and environmental factors should constantly be taken into account. He concludes with some remarks about economic growth as a goal of economic policy.
Rede uitgesproken bij de aanvaarding van het ambt van gewoon hoogleraar aan de Vrije Universiteit op 10 maart 1972. 相似文献
Rede uitgesproken bij de aanvaarding van het ambt van gewoon hoogleraar aan de Vrije Universiteit op 10 maart 1972. 相似文献
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Different viewpoints were expressed at the 1990 annual national conference of the South African Society for Agricultural Extension regarding the role of extension in the development of the farmer as entrepreneur. It is expected that public funding will increasingly be limited to functions of general public interest. To achieve independence farmers should be willing to expose themselves to entrepreneur development stimuli. it is in the public interest to develop scarce human, economic and natural resources. Research findings indicate distinct behavioral differences between entrepreneurs of differing perceptions. A comprehensive interdisciplinary education is recommended for agriculturalists. Because needs change, education programmes must be re‐evaluated from time to time. It serves little purpose to educate people in extension who do not have a technical message to communicate. The state extension service seeks closer cooperation and liaison with agricultural co‐operative and private sector know‐how. Departmental policy will probably be less rigid in future.
A clear distinction should be made between information and extension services. The adoption of an ethical code for extensionists may be opportune. Relevancy is an important contributing factor to extensionist credibility. 相似文献
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Guy R. Banville Ph.D. Barbara Pletcher D.B.A. 《Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science》1974,2(3):432-446
Historically, major consideration given to product management has focused on research and development or the introductory
stage of the product life cycle. The authors present an empirical study delineating the variables to be considered in the
product elimination process. More specifically, the elimination process is evaluated under a situation of poor product performance
despite a generally viable market. The basic objectives of the study were: to determine the significant variables in the product
elimination process of the Small Appliance Industry; to determine the relative importance of the variables; to examine the
interaction among variables. The data obtained through personal structured questionnaire interviews were analyzed and provided
a ranking of twenty-six variables relevant to the elimination process. Moreover, the Johnson's Hierarchical Clustering Schemes
was applied to determine the interaction among variables. The results indicate that profitability and financial variables
are most significant in the elimination decision-process. Second, the primary clusters of importance are concerned with market
share, market growth rate, consumer awareness, and competitive action. 相似文献